OPG/RANKL/RANK：联系骨骼系统与免疫系统的纽带

机体的骨组织细胞和免疫细胞相互影响,使骨骼系统与免疫系统间建立起诸多联系。NF-k B受体活化因子配体不仅调控骨骼和免疫器官的发育,而且在骨骼的自身免疫性疾病中起重要作用。文章简要介绍骨骼系统和免疫系统的结构和生物学功能,阐述骨代谢与免疫系统之间的相互调控作用,重点论述骨保护素/核因子k B受体活化因子配体/核因子k B受体活化因子(OPG/RANKL/RANK)系统作为纽带联系骨骼系统与免疫系统的功能。     

The Effect of Cyclic Stretching on Matrix Production, Mineralization and Differentiation of Osteoblasts

A four-point bending apparatus is used to investigate the effects of stretching on collagen synthesis, mineralization and differentiation of osteoblasts. Cells are stretched at 1500με for 24 hours. The responses of osteoblasts to mechanical signal of physiological stretching are evaluatedfrom three aspects: collagen production, extracellular inorganic calcium secretion and ALP activity. The results show that osteoblasts decrease the collagen synthesis, calcium secretion and ALP activity compared to the control cells (65.82 %, 73.51%, 48.10 96 respectively ), confirming that cyclic stretching at 1500με inhabits the ohvsiological activity of osteoblasts.     

La3+通过重组细胞骨架影响大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化

研究了稀土离子La3 对体外培养的成骨细胞增殖、分化及细胞骨架的影响,并初步探讨了相关机理.用细胞计数法检测了成骨细胞的增殖.用RT-PCR技术测定了碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OC)、骨桥蛋白(OPN),骨涎蛋白(BSP)以及cbfa-1 mRNA水平.采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察了细胞中F肌动蛋白(F-actin)的变化.结果显示:La3 在48h促进了成骨细胞增殖;在4 d促进了早期分化指标ALP,BSP和cbfa-1 mRNA的表达;在21d促进了晚期分化指标OC和OPN mRNA的表达.与此同时,La3 使成骨细胞骨架发生重组.另外,Western Blot分析证实La3 作用于成骨细胞短时间即可激活粘着斑激酶(FAK)酪氨酸磷酸化.结果提示,La3 通过提高FAK酪氨酸的磷酸化水平,改变细胞骨架的分布和聚合,从而促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化.     

Ⅰ型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞体外成脂、成骨分化的研究

观察体外定向诱导Ⅰ型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞.建立去卵巢骨质疏松山羊动物模型,全骨髓法分离培养其骨髓基质细胞.第二代细胞分别成脂、成骨诱导培养,油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色判定其分化结果.成脂诱导21 d,油红O染色有脂滴形成;成骨诱导14 d,碱性磷酸酶染色阳性;连续诱导35 d,茜素红染色证实有钙化结节形成.Ⅰ型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞在体外可以定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞.     

低剂量氟化物对新生大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响

氟是人体内重要的微量元素之一,低剂量的氟化物作用成骨细胞与骨代谢关系密切.成骨细胞活跃和骨转换加速是氟骨症的重要特征.研究了氟化物对成骨细胞增殖以及细胞分裂周期的影响,证实了低剂量的氟化物(2 mg/L)能引起体外培养的成骨细胞的细胞增殖并增加细胞分裂增殖的代数.     

Alternative splicing and expression of the insulin-like growth factor （IGF-1） gene in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation, and its expression is induced by mechanical stretch, thus IGF-1 has been considered an effector molecule that links mechanical stimulation and local tissue responses. In this study, a mechanical stretching device was designed to apply physiological level static or cyclic stretching stimulation to osteoblasts. Different isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA were amplified by RT-PCR from the cells using respective primers and these amplified products were sequenced. An iso-form of IGF-1 splicing product was found to be selectively produced by osteoblasts under stretching stimulation. This IGF-1 isoform had identical sequence with the mechano growth factor (MGF) which was originally identified in muscle cells. Regulations of the expression of the liver-type IGF (L.IGF-1) and MGF in osteoblasts under stretch stimulation were further studied using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stretch stimulation was found to promot the expression of IGF-1 (L.IGF-1 and MGF), and for both isoforms expression was more effectively stimulated by cyclic stretch than static stretch. MGF was detected only in osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stretch, suggesting MGF was a stretch sensitive growth factor. Expression of MGF peaked earlier than that of L.IGF-1, which was similar to their regulation in muscle and suggested similar roles of MGF and L.IGF-1 in bone as in muscle cells. The functions of MGF and LIGF-1 in osteoblasts shall be established by further experimental studies.     

Ι型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞体外成脂、成骨分化的研究

观察体外定向诱导Ι型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。建立去卵巢骨质疏松山羊动物模型,全骨髓法分离培养其骨髓基质细胞。第二代细胞分别成脂、成骨诱导培养,油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色判定其分化结果。成脂诱导21d,油红O染色有脂滴形成;成骨诱导14d,碱性磷酸酶染色阳性;连续诱导35d,茜素红染色证实有钙化结节形成。Ι型骨质疏松山羊骨髓基质细胞在体外可以定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。     

羟基聚磷酸钙钠骨细胞界面形态

研究一种新的骨替代材料－羟基聚磷酸钙钠骨细胞界面形态,评价其生物相容性。方法：采用体外细胞培养技术,选用ＳＤ乳鼠颅顶骨细胞,从光镜和扫描电镜两个层面观察细胞和材料之间的相互关系。结果随着培养时间的延长,细胞在材料表面的密度增加,未见细胞死亡。     

脂肪干细胞探源

所谓脂肪干细胞,即为脂肪组织所含有的多能性干细胞。脂肪组织,传统观念一般认为是一个简单、被动贮存脂质、能量的场所,最主要的功能是能量调控作用,但最近研究发现,脂肪组织可分泌多种激素样物质,对机体内分泌环境具有调节作用,尤其在炎症反应和免疫应对方面,因此已被认为是一个内分泌器官。在胚胎发育过程中,脂肪组织和骨髓都是来源于中胚层,最初人们通过提取骨髓组织研究分离出具有多向分化能     

rhIGF-I对大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中OPG表达的影响

目的：观察骨质疏松性骨折愈合不同阶段骨保护素（osteoprotegerin，OPG）的表达，探讨胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ（recombinant human insulin-like growth factor，rhIGF-1）对该过程OPG表达的影响。方法：6月龄雌性大鼠40只，制备右股骨骨质疏松性骨折模型后，随机分为IGF治疗组及生理盐水对照组，并分别于术后第10、20、30、40d取骨痂，通过RT-PCR及ELISA检测各组骨痂OPG表达。结果：在大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中成骨细胞活性降低，OPG表达呈弱阳性表达，骨折愈合缓慢；rhIGF-1局部注射治疗能增加骨痂中OPG的表达量（P〈0．05），促进骨质疏松性骨折愈合。结论：OPG是rhIGF-促骨质疏松性骨折愈合的重要下调因子。