渤海连续冰层关键力学参数预报模式

为反映海冰的物理和力学特性，利用实验室获取水平方向加载冰样的单轴压缩强度、三点弯曲强度和侧限剪切强度与孔隙率间的统计关系，把海冰温度、盐度和密度对强度的效应统一起来，建立了预报模式。之后，依据渤海海冰多年调查资料和近期研究成果，将冰层内的温度、盐度和密度表示成气温、水温和冰厚的函数，获得冰层的孔隙率剖面，进而得到冰层力学参数剖面。在选取冰层平均强度时还考虑了渤海冰层底部骨架部分有厚度无强度的特点，实现了利用已知冰厚、气温和水温预报冰层水平方向强度分布的目标。     

死亡谷石漂新解

<正>美国宇航局一群年轻的科学家近期对美国加州死亡谷石块漂移的奇怪现象进行了深入研究,搜集了大量的测量数据并取得了更有价值的新发现。新发现表明,该区域冬天时的温度和湿度可以保证冰层的形成。这一发现对现有的冰层导致石块移动的理论提供了有力的支持。在美国加利福尼亚死亡谷中有一片长约4.5公里,宽约2公里平坦的干涸的湖床,被称为"跑道于湖"的沙漠区域,就是在这片湖床     

冰层电缆热熔法取芯钻进

热熔法是一种全新的碎岩方法，在南极中深孔的钻进中起了重要作用。通过对前苏联、美国、法国、日本等国热熔钻具的分析，提出了南极冰钻热熔钻具的合理组成系统及各部分功能。重点阐述了俄罗斯ＴБ３Ｃ－１５２Ｍ钻具结构特点、使用效果及护壁液的成分和性能。     

德国 火星北极的冰

德国航空航天中心近日发表新闻公报说，欧洲“火星快车”探测器拍摄的照片显示，火星北极附近有一处巨大的火山口，其中心地带为一片白色的冰层所覆盖。     

Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core,West Kunlun Mountains,China

Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chroma- tography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955--2000. Over the period represented by the core, OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly, varied in the range of 17.7--216.7 and 6.5--124.6, and averaged 61.8, 32.9 ng·g^-1, respectively. The average concentration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record （100--300 ng·g^-1） during the same period, but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core （2.3 ng·g^-1）, this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study area. Observations indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations （1955--1965 and 1974--1989） and two periods with low concentrations （1966--1973 and 1990--1995）, as well as a recent increasing trend. By comparing EC and SO4^2- concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core, we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.     

冰川万年后冰冻地球

电影《后天》中描绘的城市被冰层覆盖的场景，或许会在下一个冰川期出现。     

气候报告：科学目前的进展

过去六年是研究冰层的黄金时期。剑桥英国南极考察队大卫·沃恩（DavidVaughan）是冰冻圈章节的首席作者，他说：“根据我们对海冰、积雪层、冰原和海平面升高的预测，两极地区正发生飞速变化。”     

Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years

This paper reports a study on reconstructing temperature series for ten regions of China over the last 1000 years with a time resolution of 10 a. The regions concerned are: Northeast, North, East, South China, Taiwan, Central, Southwest, Northwest China, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A variety of proxy data, such as ice core, tree-rings, stalagmites, peat, lake sediments, pollen and historical records, were validated with instrumental observations made in the last 120 years, and applied in the recon- struction of the temperature series. A temperature series for whole China is then established by aver- aging the ten regional series with a weighting proportional to the area of each region. Finally, tem- perature variations for the last 1000 years are examined, with special focus placed on the characteris- tics of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and Modern Warming (MW).     

火星地下冰川：新发现的意义

 火星上是否有水以及水的储藏位置和规模,不仅是一个科学问题,更与未来载人登陆火星和火星移民密切相关。作为太阳系中与地球最为相似的行星,火星表面同样覆盖了厚厚的沉积物,但这些沉积物之下究竟有什么,对人类来说一直是个谜。近期,科学家发现,火星中纬度地区的地下储藏着大量纯净的水冰。本文评论火星地下冰川这一发现的意义,讨论了科学家究竟发现了什么、如何证明观测到的物质确实是地下冰层、这些冰层是如何形成的、冰层所记录的历史等相关问题,并展望了未来火星探测中如何利用这些水冰资源。