CFG桩施工引起桩周土体开裂的原因探讨

由于郑东新区特殊的工程地质条件，长螺旋CFG（Cement Flyash Gravel）桩施工常常引起桩周土体开裂和周围建筑物开裂等施工事故。本文通过郑州某工地现场试验分析，否定了空桩效应引起桩周土体开裂的猜想，并分析了郑东新区由于CFG桩施工引起桩周土体开裂的原因。     

光面爆破炮眼的设计

应用光面爆破技术，使巷道成形良好，对锚喷支护技术的推广和应用具有重要的现实意义。炮眼的设计是光面爆破技术应用的重要环节，从理论和实践两方面对光面爆破炮眼的参数设计进行了分析，提出了炮眼分段设计的设想。     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

水射流扩孔喷嘴内部流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体软件建立了土层扩孔喷嘴内部流场的三维数学模型.采用标准k-ε湍流模型模拟了喷嘴内部流场,并分析了喷嘴参数对流场速度分布、压力分布和出口速度的影响.结果表明,扩散角和扩散段长度对喷嘴内部流场影响较大,圆柱段长度的影响相对较小,但各参数都存在着最优值.计算结果与室内实验基本吻合,验证了喷嘴内流场分布与射流土层打击效果存在着内在联系.     

浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工经验

本文通过对枣木高速公路木石简易立交改造工程钻孔灌注桩的施工,总结出钻孔灌注桩的施工经验。     

侧视孔内电视系统测量井径的研究

从侧视式孔内电视系统视场角恒定这一原理出发,从理论上分析了利用该电视系统能够直观而又简便地测量计算出井孔的井径,并在实验中得到了证明。     

水力压裂钻孔始裂特点分析

为研究内水压力作用下压裂钻孔的始裂特点,指导煤层渗透率提高中控制措施的采取与实施,在分析煤层结构特点与应力场特点的基础上,用叠加法推出了新的水力压裂钻孔起裂方程,并通过MATLAB程序进行了算例分析,得出了钻孔始裂总体可表现为由表及里、由里至表、多方向多位置同时始裂和发展三种结论,该结论不同于传统应力场中圆形工程体围岩起始破坏过程的特点,并对煤层渗透率提高中控制措施的采取更具有理论指导意义。     

综合物探技术在大宁调蓄水库防渗墙检测中的应用

北京市南水北调配套大宁调蓄水库工程是解决北京市防洪和调蓄问题的重要工程之一。防渗墙是大宁调蓄水库的主体工程,所以对防渗墙的检测是工程的重要环节。针对防渗墙的检测这一特点,突破传统的高密度电法、地震映像法等物探检测方法,通过试验研究,决定采用超声波测井和孔内电视相结合的方法进行检测。探测的成果真实客观地反映了防渗墙的内部情况,效果良好,为设计提供了科学的数据。两种探测方法在大宁调蓄水库防渗墙的成功检测,表明随着国内外科学技术的快速发展,综合物探技术在各种工程勘察中将有更大的发展空间。     

油气上窜速度的精确计算方法

上窜速度是反映油气活跃程度的一个非常重要的参数。对于钻井作业来说,直接影响钻井作业的井控安全。如果油气上窜速度不准确,很容易导致井涌、井喷等井控事故;同时也会造成钻井液密度的不合理,从而对油气层造成污染。现场用的迟到时间法计算油气上窜速度存在着较大的误差。根据油气在钻井液中运移的规律分析,得出油气上窜速度一种新计算方法,该方法综合考虑了钻具的排替作用、井身结构、以及开泵后油气在钻井液中的运移对其上窜高度的影响,对油气运移时间进行了修正,从而得到更加精确的油气上窜速度。经过现场实验表明,该计算方法可靠,可为准确判断油气活跃程度,为安全钻井作业提供依据。     

油藏近井地带油水两相径向渗流特征

实际油藏中近井地带渗流为平面径向流,首先建立了二维两相径向渗流方程,得到了相对渗透率比值与流体饱和度关系解析解,然后设计了平面径向渗流实验,并用该解析解对渗流特征进行了分析,并与常规JBN处理结果进行了比照,得到近井地带油水径向渗流新特征.研究结果表明,建立的解析模型,能表征近井地带油水相渗关系,并且平面径向流模型试验结果说明,在近井地带,相对渗透率比值与流体饱和度呈直线关系对应的饱和度区间变小,油水在渗流中呈现出更为复杂的渗流关系,以非线性作用为主.