Genetic and photoperiodic control of an avian reproductive cycle

European blackcaps,Sylvia atricapilla, with one breeding season per year, have a single-peaked annual testes cycle. However, African conspecifics from the Cape Verde Islands with two breeding seasons per annum demonstrate a two-peaked cycle. Both population-specific cycles reflect differences in the respective endogenous circannual rhythms. Experimental hybridization of birds of the two populations resulted in an intermediate pattern of testes cycle, thus demonstrating that there are genetic components for some temporal aspects in an avian reproductive cycle. Another characteristic of the African birds, their extremely rapid juvenile development and early sexual maturity (at an age of 5–6 months) proved largely to be a photoperiodic (short-day) effect in birds hatched in autumn. The same effect could also be induced in European conspecifics exposed to correspondingly short day-lengths.     

终身寿险纯保费的精算方法

以终身寿险为例,运用概率论和数理统计方法对几种不同情况下趸交、年交和月交纯保费的精算方法进行详细剖析,并给出相应的计算公式。     

BP模型在降雨径流预报中的应用研究

简要介绍了人工神经网络用于洪水预报的基本原理,对降雨径流预报的网络模型进行了改进。为了避免陷于局部极小值和缩短学习时间,采用了改进的自适应BP算法进行洪水预报,开发了基于BP模型的洪水预报系统,并经过山西省文峪河水库的实测资料进行了预报,取得了令人满意的精度。     

A model for assessing effects of climate change on runoff in China

A model is established for assessing the effects of climate change on runoff in China based on the land surface parameterization scheme variable infiltration capacity (VIC). The entire area of China is represented by 2604 cells with a resolution of 60 km×60 km for each cell. Forcing data, soil and vegetation parameters needed by the VIC model for the entire area of China are prepared. Daily forcing data, which are obtained from 740 stations between 1980 and 1990, are interpolated to the 60 km×60 km grid system. The VIC model is run on every grid cell over the whole China, and a routing scheme is run offline with daily input of surface runoff and drainage from the VIC to get hydrograph at basin outlets. The spatial patterns of simulated runoff and mean annual precipitation are consistent very well. The results of monthly streamflow simulations over the Huaihe and Weihe River basins indicate that there is a good agreement between the observed and simulated values, and also initially indicate the rationality and feasibility of the evaluation model.     

日本落叶松人工林抚育间伐起始期的研究

日本落叶松人工林抚育间伐开始期的选定，将直接影响其后期生长，通过对试验地调查并选取标准木进行树干解析，用两种不同的方法，从不同的角度对日本落叶松进行了抚育间伐开始期的确定，分析不同起始期对林分生长的影响，结果表明：间伐合理起始期可以通过分析林木胸径连年生长量情况来确定；初植密度高，间伐合理起始期提前，反之，推迟；超过合理间伐起始期会抑制林木生长。     

混合层高度变化趋势及其代表值的探讨

利用长江下游某地的气象资料探讨了混合层高度的时刻、月份和季节变化规律，并得出结论：用2：00、8：00、14：00、20：00时刻的气象资料对年日平均有很好的代表性，用4、7、10、12月份对春、夏、秋、冬也有较好的代表性。     

长江口流场数值模拟中流速开边界条件的处理

建立了长江口平面二维流场数学模型，上游开边界取在徐六泾断面，外海开边界在余山以东。上游流速开边界条件采用新的流量过程校正法进行订正，较好地反映了上游径流对河口流场的效应，弥补了当缺乏上游实测流速资料时，用普通的流速开边界处理方法所引起的计算偏差。     

南淝河COD削减模式的研究

文章利用南淝河的水文资料,根据各污染源COD的排放情况,对南淝河进行了河流的功能区划分,确定相应的水质标准,并且计算出各排放口断面的允许排放量。建立了COD的削减模式,并根据流域内COD的预测排放量,提出COD的年度削减规划,可为南淝河流域综合治理和环境规划提供参考。     

秦岭水文特征及其对泥石流影响的初步分析

通过对秦岭山地区域水文特征的分析，指出秦岭泥石流的暴发期与该区降雨的年内集中期相一致，其分布与暴雨中心密切相关。其中，暴雨、连阴雨是产生泥石流的激发因素，径流的汇集及河流洪水亦是导致泥石流发生的重要原因之一。     

混合分布在枯水流量频率分析中的应用研究

概述了枯水频率分析的研究进展,采用低定量取样,应用负二项和指数分布分别拟合低定量系列的年发生次数和量级构成混合分布,并与皮尔逊Ⅲ型（P-Ⅲ）分布进行比较.实测枯水流量系列的计算结果表明：混合分布的拟合和预测效果较好,要优于采用年最小流量取样和P-Ⅲ分布的枯水频率分析;基于低定量取样的分布可利用更多枯水流量信息,具有更强的物理相关性.