脱冷过程对高原鼠兔产热的影响

本文探讨了脱冷过程中高原鼠兔的静止代谢率（RMR）,非颤抖性产热（NST）,同时观察肝脏,褐色脂肪组织（BAT）线粒体蛋白等指标的变化.     

高原鼠兔和血液生化正常值测定

报道了驯化的高原鼠兔部分血液生化指标，并与实验家兔，大鼠和人的相应指标作了比较。高原鼠兔的血清白蛋白的百分含量高于人，大鼠及实验家兔；血清胆固醇明显低于人、大鼠及实验家兔。可为应用该实验动物进行科学研究时提供参考。     

鼠兔肺毛细血管铸型的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了ＡＢＳ丁酮溶液灌注的达呼尔鼠兔肺毛细血管构筑情况，发现达呼尔鼠兔胸膜下毛细血管网较稀疏，网孔粗大，网眼形态多不规则；肺泡隔内的毛细血管为单层密集网，毛细血管本身直径往往比网孔径大；肺泡隔毛细血管存在网间隙（孔），可能是穿过肺泡隔而沟通相邻肺泡的肺泡孔     

高原鼠兔在东北地区的心电图观测研究

为探讨高原鼠兔作为实验性心电图观察的应用前景,描记了30例成年高原鼠兔心电图.结果表明,高原鼠兔心电图的基本波形与人类相似,均为窦性心律.其心率较快,359.6±28.3次/min;P波通常出现在T波的降支上;其Q-T间期,K值较大鼠、小鼠和长爪沙鼠大;心电轴为59.5±43.6度;有S-T段的个体出现率为73%.高原鼠兔较大鼠、小鼠和长爪沙鼠的心电图更接近于人,提示它更适于做临床心电图的实验研究.     

低氧对动物的骨骼肌LDH活性影响

本文比较了平原引入高原的子代性成年Wistar大鼠,成体高原土著动物－高原鼠兔（O.curzoniae),和成体根田鼠（M.oeconomus)在不同模拟低氧和时间下骨骼肌中乳酸脱氢酶活性的比较研究。研究表明无论在海拔5000米或8000米以及模拟低氧1天至25天时,三种动物骨骼肌中乳酸脱氢酶活性无差异。     

低氧对高原鼠兔、根田鼠血红蛋白各组分的影响

本实验选用青藏高原东部的高原鼠兔和根田鼠,在当地海拔2300 m和模拟海拔5000 m8、000 m下,进行了1d、10d和25d处理,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对各样本进行血红蛋白电泳分析研究.结果表明高原鼠兔血红蛋白电泳条带呈现多态现象,四条带出现的频率为95.24%,三条带出现的频率为3.71%,两条带出现的频率为1.59%;在低氧1—25天后其带谱百分比变化无差异;根田鼠血红蛋白电泳带均为两条,低氧处理后其百分比亦无差异.这说明高原鼠兔和根田鼠在低氧1—25天处理时,其对低氧适应不通过不同血红蛋白含量变化来抵御低氧,高原鼠兔和根田鼠虽各自具有较稳定的Hb谱型,但两种类之间存在较大的差异.     

高原鼠兔消化系统的形态学观察

以解剖学方法,对高原鼠兔消化系统各脏器的形态学特点进行了观察研究。结果表明：高原鼠兔与同等级动物相比,主要消化器官的基本形态相似,但鼠兔具有特长的盲肠、明显的阑尾、特殊结构之结肠粘膜皱襞及肝内硬化结节等特点,为有关的生物学和医学研究及该动物的开发利用打下了一定的形态学基础。     

高原鼠兔解剖学特征之初探

对成年高原鼠兔进行了解剖学原理,发现其骨骼数（尤其肋、籽骨数）较兔多。盲肠十分发达（螺旋瓣数多达４５－５３个）。心、增多 数脏器的绝对重量为雌性略低于雄性,但无统计学意义。而雌性的脏器系数则显著高于雄性,胸腺的绝对重量为雌性高于雄性,且随体重量增加而减小。从解剖学看,高原鼠兔的身体各部形态结构与其习性,活动及健康状况密切相关。     

达乌尔鼠兔和高原鼠兔行为特征的比较分析

对同域重叠分布的达乌尔鼠兔(Ochotona daurica) 和高原鼠兔(O.curzoniae)的行为活动,尤其是社会行为作了比较研究.描述行为23 种.达乌尔鼠 兔非社会行为占所有行为的96%,高原鼠兔占87%;达乌尔鼠兔的社会行为仅占所有行为活动的 4%,高原鼠兔占13%.高原鼠兔个体间的亲昵和戏耍行为明显多于达乌尔鼠兔,达乌尔鼠兔种 群内排它性行为明显多于高原鼠兔.     

Seasonal variations in the time–activity budget of Royle’s pika in the Western Himalaya,India

ABSTRACT

The time–activity budget of a species has ecological relevance because natural selection often favours individuals that utilise their time most efficiently. Details of time–activity budgets can provide information on how animals allocate time to their various activities through the day and during different seasons to most efficiently cope with varying energy demands and environmental changes that may threaten their survival. Efficient use of time–activity budget is also crucial for alpine small mammals, which live in a highly seasonal environment with restricted periods in which to gain energy and successfully reproduce. Hence, variations in the time–activity budget of the high-elevation lagomorph Royle’s pika (Ochotona roylei) were analysed during different seasons over 2 years across an elevational gradient (2900–3680 m). Seven behavioural conditions were recorded in adult and juvenile pikas through daily focal sampling between 0600 and 1900 hrs. Royle’s pika had bimodal activity: animals were most active during the morning and early evening and relatively inactive during midday hours. Adult pikas allocated the largest proportion of their time–activity budget to foraging and the smallest proportion to vocalisation. Greater food availability during the monsoon season encouraged pikas to spend more of their time foraging than on other activities. In the autumn, pikas spent more time on locomotory and musing activities. Vigilance activities were most frequent during midday hours, possibly due to a high risk of predation. Locomotion and foraging were the predominant behaviours of juveniles during the summer and monsoon seasons. Prominent food hoarding activities were not observed in either adult or juvenile pikas. Information on time allocation to different activities during different seasons should provide a baseline for future behavioural ecology and bioenergetic analyses of pikas and help to understand their potential for adaptation to climate change.