The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

机器人避障功能的设计

本文介绍了通过硬件的连接以及利用汇编语言编写简单程序使机器人实现避障功能.     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

一种基于速度势场的局部在线避碰方法

本文以势场方法的思想为出发点，提出一种基于速度势场的自主移动机器人的局部避碰方法。该方法可以更好地利用相对速度的信息，在存在移动障碍物和环境中得到较好的局部在线避碰效果。     

微小型LTA飞行机器人主动避障控制研究

采用基于行为的研究方法，设计了一种基于电机神经元网络的微小型LTA飞行机器人主动避障控制方法。该方法通过电机神经元网络选取飞行机器人的飞行动作，采用增强式学习方法对飞行结果作出评判，利用评判结果在线修改网络权值，从而实现微小型LTA飞行机器人在未知、动态环境中的主动避障。飞行机器人的仿真运行分析，验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于行为的多自由度机器人运动规划

提出了一种有效的基于行为的多关节机械手的运动规划。该规划将低级的运动规划和高级的行为决策结合在一起，在将位于机器人工作空间中的障碍物快速映射到姿态空间中的算法基础上，通过传感信息来计算局部障碍物的信息，从而形成姿态空间中障碍物的模型。定义了几种类型的行为来描述机械手的运动，并给出了选择行为的规则。而这些行为都是用基于姿态空间的算法可实现的。该方法适于多关节机器人在非确定环境中实时规划的要求。     

模糊逻辑控制方法在ATM网络拥塞控制中的应用

将普通漏桶技术和移动窗口机制相结合，提出一种基于模糊规则的ＡＴＭ网络拥塞控制方法，并研究了它作为监管机制的一些特性，对它的性能进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果表明，该机制对履行连接接纳控制协议的信元流能提供透明传输，对过份违约的信元能快速阻止其进入网络。与普通漏桶技术相比，本文方法具有同时监管信元流峰值速率和平均速率的优点。     

基于改进人工势场法的巡航导弹自主避障技术

针对巡航导弹在巡航段的自主避障问题,提出一种改进的人工势场法.为解决传统人工势场法无法避免的局部极小问题,本文将局部极小分为两类,分别给出两类极小值的判定定理及方法,同时给出消除局部极小的措施.考虑导弹的可用过载约束,以连续可微的对数函数构造势场函数,定量描述禁飞区和目标点;此外,为实现自主规避禁飞区,合理设置引力场和斥力场的作用区域和调整势场函数的参数,使导弹在合势场的作用下,获得一条适飞轨迹最终抵达目标点.最后,通过数学仿真,验证了这种方法的有效性.      

积分学在不等式证明中的应用

不等式证明在数学中有着举足轻重的作用．主要介绍利用积分的定理与性质证明不等式的一些基本技巧和方法，如积分中值定理、柯西-施瓦兹不等式、变上限积分等．较好地解决了不等式的证明问题．     

三角网格模型五轴加工刀轴矢量调整及优化

为消除全局干涉,提出了一种基于K-D树及刀具离散的高效刀轴矢量调整算法.算法首先以有限个点离散表示刀具,然后利用K-D树快速查找刀具的可能干涉点,并在此基础上计算调整后的刀轴矢量.为避免过大的刀轴矢量突变,提出一种分角度区域方法优化刀轴矢量.实例验证表明:算法能够高效实现全局干涉避免及刀轴矢量优化.