页岩气低伤害超临界CO2凝胶压裂液研究

针对常规水压裂液会对页岩造成伤害，容易产生水锁，不易返排，还造成水资源消耗和污染环境等问题，制备了低伤害二氧化碳凝胶压裂液。将自备的F2EU和F4EU增稠剂加入到超临界CO₂基液中，探究两种增稠剂的加入量对CO₂凝胶压裂液黏度的影响，综合考虑成本与效果，优选了2%的F4EU增稠剂，可将CO₂的黏度增至15.4 mPa·s。研究了温度、压力以及剪切速率对凝胶压裂液黏度的影响。实验结果表明，随着温度升高黏度总体降低，但中间出现一个短暂升高阶段；随着压力上升压裂液黏度增加；随着剪切速率的增加压裂液黏度下降，属于一种典型的剪切变稀的假塑性流体。F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液的平均伤害率为1.39%，远远小于常规压裂液对岩芯的伤害率。实验表明，F4EU超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液在页岩气压裂开采中具有良好的应用前景。     

Abrupt climate change：Debate or action

Global abrupt climate changes have been documented by various climate records, including ice cores, ocean sediment cores, lake sediment cores, cave deposits, loess deposits and pollen records. The climate system prefers to be in one of two stable states, i.e. interstadial or stadial conditions, but not in between. The transition between two states has an abrupt character. Abrupt climate changes are, in general, synchronous in the northern hemisphere and tropical regions. The timescale for abrupt climate changes can be as short as a decade. As the impacts may be potentially serious, we need to take actions such as reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.     

碳酸钕对AZ91合金组织的细化和腐蚀性能的影响

通过介绍实验条件实验方法及结果,并对其进行讨论,研究碳酸钕对A291合金组织的细化和腐蚀性能的影响。     

Preparation and properties of the SmOx/Rh(100) model surface

The preparation of SmOx/Rh(100) and CO adsorption on this model surface have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The oxygen adsorption on the SmRh alloy surface leads to the aggregation of Sm on the surface. The thermal treatment of this oxidized surface induces the further agglomeration of SmOx on the Rh(100) surface. Compared with CO TDS on the clean Rh(100) surface, three additional CO desorption peaks can be observed at 176, 331 and 600 K on the SmOx/Rh(100) surface. The CO desorption peak at 176 K may originate from CO adsorbed on SmOx islands, while the appearance of the CO adsorption peaks at 331 and 600 K, depending on the oxidation state of Sm, is attributed to CO species located at the interface of SmOx/Rh(100).     

宜宾热源公司热电厂锅炉补给水处理工艺改造

分析了宜宾热源公司热电厂锅炉给水处理工艺的问题，指出因为原采用二级钠离子软化工艺水质不达标，造成频繁爆管，严重影响生产的不良后果．介绍了技术改造措施及效果：在原工艺基础上引入复床，将给水硬度控制在2．0μmol／L以下，碱度、氯根及电导率电得到控制，系统运行将近一年，水质稳定，锅炉运行正常安全，不仅消除了以前的生产隐患，而且节约了大量运行成本．     

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for 1-Butanol-Water-KF and 1-Butanol-Water-K2CO3 Systems

KF or K2CO3 was added into the 1-butanol-water system and two phases were formed： water-rich phase （water phase） and 1-butanol-rich phase （1-butanol phase）. The liquid liquid equilibrium （LLE） data for 1-butanol-water-KF and 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 systems were measured at 25℃ and showed that 1-butanol phase contained negligible salt and water phase contained negligible 1-butanol when the concentrations of KF and K2CO3 in the water phase were equal to or higher than 27.11% and 31.68% , respectively. Thus water could be separated efficiently from 1-butanol-water by adding KF or K2CO3 into the system. A theoretical calculation of LLE data was calculated by using the Pitzer theory to get water activity in the water phase, and by the models, such as the Wilson, NRTL or the UNIQUAC for the 1-butanol phase. For 1-hutanol-water-KF system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and Wilson equa tion, while for 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and UNIQUAC eauation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7储层致密油水平井CO2补充能量与吞吐参数优化

长7储层是鄂尔多斯盆地主要的致密区块,近一半的致密油分布其中。针对长7储层开采渗透率低、开采难度大、依靠弹性开采产能较低、能量衰竭较快等问题,通过数值模拟的方法,构建水平井分段压裂数值模拟模型,首先对比不同吞吐方式对油田产能的影响,优选出CO₂吞吐为首选的补充能量方式。其次对井网形式、井网参数及吞吐参数进行优化研究。最终优选出合适的吞吐方案,达到提高生产效率的目的。结果表明,该储层的最优注采吞吐参数为：周期注入量为2 673 t、注入压力为21 MPa、注入速度为90 t/d、焖井时间为10 d。研究对鄂尔多斯盆地长7储层提高采收率具有一定的参考意义。     

超高压高CO2气藏偏差系数图版扩展与应用

Standing-Katz图版法确定天然气偏差系数是目前最常用、最基础的方法之一,但存在人工读值误差大、在超高压（拟对比压力大于15）和高CO₂含量天然气使用受限等问题。设计单组分偏差系数测定实验,结合Standing-Katz图版曲线变化规律,将图版拟对比压力扩展到30,拟对比温度扩展到3.6,并将图版数字化;基于不同CO₂含量偏差系数测定实验结果,推导了考虑不同CO₂含量的天然气拟临界压力、拟临界温度计算新模型,与常规非烃校正模型相比,新模型计算精度更高,适用范围更广。进一步将新临界参数校正模型嵌入到偏差系数扩展图版中,得到不同CO₂含量的偏差系数扩展图版,该图版在南海西部超高温高压、高CO₂含量天然气偏差系数计算中误差较小（不超过3%）,应用效果良好。     

CO对Cu—Zn—Zr催化剂CO2加氢合成甲醇的影响

用四种ＣＯ含量不同的原料气对Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｚｒ催化剂进行ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇的研究．结果表明ＣＯ能抑制催化剂表面产生逆水汽变换反应活性位的ＣＯ２吸附,从而有效地提高ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇的选择性