合作学习与传统小组活动比较研究

本文从小组构形、教学中的互动关系类型、学习资料分配、个体责任感、奖励机制、合作技能等九个方面比较了合作学习与传统的小组活动教学策略的差异,旨在较深入地阐释合作学习的特点和优势,以利于将合作的观念引入外语教育系统,提高外语教学的教育效果.     

基于语义距离的模糊信息分类方法

介绍了信息表极大必要属性组的概念。并用模糊语义距离矩阵解决了含有模糊数据的相互依赖的数据库的信息分类问题。     

关键基础设施相互依赖关系研究综述

为整合与完善关键基础设施相互依赖关系基础理论体系,总结分析国内外近年来研究成果,对关键基础设施相互依赖关系概念和现有理论进行总结和梳理,分析并评述不同的研究方法。研究结果表明:基于经验和知识的方法不易准确定位具体故障,建模与仿真的方法虽广泛应用,但其在处理复杂性、信息获取等方面仍面临挑战,利用基于经验与知识的方法为建模与仿真方法提供必要的输入,是未来进一步研究的重要方向。     

Fundamentals of the analytic network process — Dependence and feedback in decision-making with a single network

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative form) that also belong to a fundamental scale of absolute numbers. These judgments represent the relative influence, of one of two elements over the other in a pairwise comparison process on a third element in the system, with respect to an underlying control criterion. Through its supermatrix, whose entries are themselves matrices of column priorities, the ANP synthesizes the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of elements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with its independence assumptions on upper levels from lower levels and the independence of the elements in a level is a special case of the ANP. The ANP is an essential tool for articulating our understanding of a decision problem. One had to overcome the limitation of linear hierarchic structures and their mathematical consequences. This part on the ANP summarizes and illustrates the basic concepts of the ANP and shows how informed intuitive judgments can lead to real life answers that are matched by actual measurements in the real world (for example, relative dollar values) as illustrated in market share examples that rely on judgments and not on numerical data. Thomas L. Saaty holds the Chair of University Professor, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. Before that he was a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for ten years. Prior to that he spent seven years at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the State Department in Washington, DC, that carried out the arms reduction negotiations with the Soviets in Geneva. His current research interests include decision-making, planning, conflict resolution and synthesis in the brain. As a result of his search for an effective means to deal with weapons tradeoffs at the Disarmament Agency and, more generally, with decision-making and resource allocation, Professor Saaty developed The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). He is co-developer of the software Expert Choice and of the software Super Decisions for decisions with dependence and feedback. He has authored or co-authored twelve books on the AHP/ANP. Professor Saaty has also written a number of other books that embrace a variety of topics, including Modern Nonlinear Equations, Nonlinear Mathematics, Graph Theory, The Four Color Problem, Behavioral Mathematics, Queuing Theory, Optimization in Integers, Embracing the Future and The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How It Works. His most recent book is Creative Thinking, Problem Solving & Decision Making. The book is a rich collection of ideas, incorporating research by a growing body of researchers and practitioners, profiles of creative people, projects and products, theory, philosophy, physics and metaphysics...all explained with a liberal dose of humor. He has published more than 300 refereed articles in a wide variety of professional journals. He has been on the editorial boards of Mathematical Reviews, Operations Research, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Applied Mathematics Letters, and several others. He also served as consultant to many corporations and governments.     

施工进度计划编制与资源优化配置

工程项目的建设有三大控制目标:进度控制、投资控制和质量控制,它们之间有着相互依赖和相互制约的关系.但就工程施工的进度安排来看,若能合理安排各工艺流程之间的衔接及人、材、机等资源的优化配置问题,就可以实现进度、投资、质量三大要求的相对优化组合.本文主要以砖混结构建筑物的建设过程为例,对施工中进度计划的安排和资源的合理利用问题进行讨论.     

建构东北亚国际合作多元机制探析

东北亚各国在经济、文化、政治等领域存在巨大差异。国家间的矛盾大多涉及国家根本利益,在国家利益至上的今天,特别是由于解决朝核问题及六方会谈机制面临的巨大障碍,迫使人们对东北亚和平机制建构问题作出更多的思考。因此,努力寻求以朝核问题及六方会谈为中心的东北亚安全议题以外的其它双边和多边安全合作空间是十分必要的,也是摆脱目前困局的可能途径选择。     

民营经济:统筹城乡发展

在区域经济学中，农村和城市是相互联系、相互依赖、相互补充、相互促进的有机整体。城市的发展必须有农村的支持，农村的繁荣离不开城市的带动。城乡二元结构作为我国计划经济的支柱之一，在实现我国重工业体系快速建立和城市较快发展的同时，也直接导致了城乡差距，制约了城乡互动，成为城乡共同进步的障碍。而用发展民营经济的方式来突破这种制约，成为一种选择。     

模糊信息系统的一种规则提取方法

该文定义了一种相似度量算子对对象间关于属性的接近程度,并基于此提出了代表一类模糊相似关系的模糊不可区分关系R:B,即关于对象的模糊不可区分关系.以此模糊相似关系为基础,在广义近似空间(U,R:αB)中定义了上、下近似算子;并引入阈值α,β,即允许一定程度的错误分类率存在,讨论了属性间的相互依赖关系,且给出应用实例.     

复合相互依赖理论评述

基欧汉与奈合作建构的复合相互依赖理论堪称西方相互依赖思想的集大成者，该理论对国际关系的研究有着重要贡献。冲击了现实主义的“国家中心”范式，提出了新的研究纲领；拓宽了国际关系研究的新视角，揭示了国际社会相互依赖的特性，标志着新自由主义的兴起；促进了对国际制度的研究和国际关系理论走向体系化和科学化。但该理论的局限性也十分明显，作者没有对问题联系和议程变化进行全面的分析；忽略了或没有充分论述国际关系对国内政治的影响及国内政治对国际关系的影响；关于武力作用的分析值得推敲。     

小议家电供应商与零售商之间的关系

中国家电连锁零售业的出现，改变了家电行业的营销渠道，经过近年来的迅速发展，基本上已经形成国美、苏宁、永乐和大中四大终端巨头，通过近乎神速的增开店铺和区域的扩张，它们的销售网络已遍及全国各大城市。本文对国美．苏宁两大零售巨头的盈利模式进行了分析，并据此分析了家电供应商与零售商之间的关系，最后提出了对双方的建议，希望以此促进家电业的发展，为消费者增加更多的福利。