正交设计在毛白杨组织培养中的应用

用正交设计法考察了4种激素对毛白杨叶片诱导愈伤组织的影响.结果显示,2,4 D,NAA作用显著,IAA,6 BA作用不显著.它们作用大小依次为:2,4 D>NAA>6 BA>IAA.诱导毛白杨愈伤组织产生的最佳激素配比为:MS+2,4 D1mg/L+6 BA1.5mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L.     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

成熟果实未发育胚珠培养获得三倍体柑橘

本研究中,对华农本地早柑橘成熟果实中未发育胚珠进行离体培养,通过胚状体发生途径,获得了32株再生植株.用流式细胞仪对这些再生植株进行倍性分析,发现有1株三倍体植株,并得到染色体计数确认,其三倍体发生频率为3.12%.这是柑橘成熟果实未发育胚珠离体培养获得三倍体植株的首例报道.     

由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导植株再生的研究

将三倍体西瓜(Citrullus Vul(?)aris Schrad。)下胚轴切段接种在添加0.02mg/L2,4-D和0.6mg/L6BA的MS培养基上,可诱导出生长旺盛、结构致密的愈伤组织.将愈伤组织转移到含不同浓度的6BA、IAA、IBA和三十烷醇的分化培养基上,分化出了芽和根,进而长成了正常的植株.将不定芽接种在含0.2～0.4mg/L6BA和6mg/L维生素P_1的MS培养基上.可得到许多簇生芽和植物体.用蛭石代替琼脂的生根培养基对于根系的生长和试管苗的移植有良好的效果.经细胞学观察表明,由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导出再生植株的染色体倍性有所变化,即有一倍体(n=11)、二倍体(2n=22),三倍体(3n=33)和非整倍体等.     

人工诱导三倍体中国对虾性腺组织学观察

经人工诱导所获得的三倍体中国对虾的雄、雌性个体与二倍体虾的雄、雌性个体外形上无差异，但雄性三倍体虾的性腺发育不完全，甚至停滞；雌虾性腺因处于未成熟期，差异不显著。     

异源四倍体鲫鲤群体的形成及四倍体化在脊椎动物进化中的作用

对雌雄两性能育并形成群体的异源四倍体鲫鲤的染色体数目和组型,DNA含量,红细胞大小,生殖腺和配子,胚胎发育,形成机理,外形等方面进行了较全面描述。四倍体鲫鲤经过九代（F3-F11）的四倍体性的繁殖,已形成了一个数目庞大的遗传性状稳定的群体。该四倍体群体在染色体数目、生殖、外形特征等方面都与它们的原始父母本-二倍体湘江野鲤和红鲫有本质的差别。在遗传特性、稳定传代、生育隔离等方面,异源四倍体鲫鲤群体为形成一个新的四倍体新种奠定了基础。新的四倍体鱼群体的形成对脊椎动物的进化理论和它们在生产上的应用都具有重要的意义。     

毛白杨无性系同工酶分析

对毛白杨不同无性系同工酶进行了分析，结果表明：各无性系间酶活性不尽相同，从部位上看叶部酶活性高于皮部，从同工酶酶带表达上看，差异主要表现在快带区，叶部快带区酶带明显，而小枝和皮部不明显，对生长速度不同的无性系来说，生长速度快的入选无性系Ａ７酶带非常明显，而对照组不具有这条酶条，作为对毛白杨速生无性系早期选择的确认，认为此酶带可作为一项重要的参考指标。     

雌雄异株植物毛白杨同工过氧化物酶谱的比较研究

通过同工过氧化物酶谱的分析表明。酶谱从阳极到阴极可分为5个区。雌雄株间的性别差异集中反映在B区,差异明显而稳定;幼株和萌蘖条的测定结果与成株完全一致,没有中间类型酶谱出现。可以认为,同工过氧化物酶可以作为毛白杨性别鉴定的指标,能够用于开花前幼龄树性别的早期鉴定,酶活性在性别间也有不同,表现为雌株高于雄株,与酶带数量和强度基本一致。