Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.     

基于网络的睡眠监护与分析系统设计

介绍了基于网络的睡眠监护与分析系统的软硬件设计方案．对系统设计中需要解决的网络数据传输．图形实时显示．以及数据库管理等一些关键性的问题．提出了解决方法．基于这些方法进行了初步的系统实验．取得了较为满意的效果．本系统可望成为未来数字化家庭的重要医疗单元和今后进一步开展远程医疗研究的基础．     

Nonnegative matrix factorization and its applications in pattern recognition

Matrix factorization has been widely used in many fields[1]. In numerical algebra, the large-scale and com- plex problems can be transformed into small-scale sim- ple subproblems by matrix factorization; in applied statistics, low rank approximation of or…     

基于颈腰部肌电及脑电信号的疲劳驾驶检测

为了有效判别驾驶员的疲劳状态,结合生物力学分析提取了驾驶过程中的颈腰部肌电信号EMG和头部脑电信号EEG,并分析其特征参数在驾驶过程中的变化规律.结果表明:颈肌样本熵、颈肌复杂度、腰肌样本熵、腰肌复杂度、脑电样本熵、脑电复杂度这6个生理信号的特征参数值都随着驾驶时间的延长而逐渐降低,通过主成分分析可实现特征参数间的合理组合.基于多元回归理论,建立了能够有效预测疲劳驾驶的数学模型.状态验证结果表明,该模型对疲劳状态判别的正确率可达95%以上.     

基于体动射频信号的睡眠分期

为了减轻传统接触式睡眠生理监测系统对人体造成的负担,设计了一种基于微波技术的非接触式睡眠生理信号采集与分析系统,提出一种基于体动射频信号的睡眠分期识别算法.通过小波变换对射频运动传感器(RFMS)采集的体动信号进行预处理,再计算出体动信号的能量值,最后通过判别式处理和阈值法实现了睡眠分期:醒觉期、浅睡期、中睡期、深睡期.实验采集分析了8个实验者为期46天的睡眠生理信号,同时同步采集视频信息、TANITA水床睡眠信息、接触式呼吸脉搏信号.与视频结果比较发现醒觉期正确率达到90%;与TANITA水床睡眠结果相比,本系统的结果与其吻合程度达到70%;与不同睡眠状态下呼吸率、心率的变化相比,本系统的结果吻合度达到80%.     

基于复杂网络的脑电信号回归分析

基于相点距离集合确定脑电信号的相空间重构嵌入维数,并得到时间序列的相空间轨迹.把由相空间轨迹构成的回归矩阵转化为复杂网络的连接矩阵,并用复杂网络的特征参量表征回归矩阵的性质.实验结果表明,由不同生理状态的脑电信号构成的回归矩阵呈现出普适和非普适特征,也就是小世界特征的一致性和聚类结构的差异性.这些结论与实际脑网络的小世界特征和脑功能区域的聚类结构能够很好吻合.     

孕早期睡眠时长与午睡频次对妊娠糖尿病的影响

目的 探讨孕早期睡眠时长和午睡频次对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的影响.方法 采用病例对照研究设计,选取2018年4月至2019年5月在安徽省妇幼保健院、吉安市妇幼保健院产检的孕妇作为研究对象.通过问卷调查收集研究对象的睡眠和午睡等信息,GDM的诊断来自孕中期常规口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果.结果 共纳入500名研究对象,其中病例组...     

40HZ脑电信号检测理论在脑电混沌态分析中的应用

在脑电信号的混沌态分析中引入阵发性４０ＨＺ脑电信号检测理论，用以判断受试者是否合作，并决定可用于混沌状态分析的数据段，文中对阵发性４０ＨＺ脑电依赖从理论、检测方法的实现、实际应用等几个方面进行了讨论。     

应用多分辨率小波变换提取脑电信号异常节律

脑电信号是非平稳的随机信号，其中包含了大量的生理和疾病信息，对于医生判断脑都是否有器质性的病变具有重要作用。因此对脑电信号的分析和处理一直是人们努力研究的领域。考虑到小波变换良好的时频局部化特性，利用多分辨率小波变换方法来实现脑电信号异常节律的提取，脑电信号经多分辨率小波变换后所得到的各个尺度的信号不仅反映了信号的频率信息，即尺度越大，对应信号的频率越低，同时也反映了信号的时间信息，即反映此时的EEG状态，实验结果表明，选择合适的小波基，可以有效地提取脑电信号中的异常节律。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症的观察及护理

通过对55例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症患者术前、术后的护理及观察，总结了护理体会，着重对术前、术后健康教育及心理、术后伤口出血情况，气管切开护理，咽部水肿，饮食及口腔清洁，并发症观察护理进行了总结，并通过术前，术后血氧饱和度、呼吸、心率的监测，总结了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症患者的手术疗效。