工程量清单计价模式下的建设工程费用管理

探讨工程量清单计价模式下的建设工程费用管理.通过论述工程量清单计价的特点,详细分析了工程量清单计价模式下的工程造价管理.针对工程量清单计价按市场定价的特性,以及当前建设市场低价竞争的环境,指出施工企业只有加强对工程造价的管理,努力降低成本,才能提高市场竞争能力,实现利润的最大化.     

谈材料存货的期末计量

介绍了目前材料存货的期末计量方法,分析了其存在的问题并提出了改善的建议。     

浅谈如何合理利用土地资源——以山西省节约与集约利用土地为例

介绍了节约与集约利用土地的含义,通过对山西省土地节约与集约利用的研究,提出了有效利用土地资源的具体措施。     

基于JIT的生产计划与控制方法研究

在介绍传统生产方式和JIT（Just In Time）生产方式基本概念的基础上,比较了两种生产方式各自的特点,分析了JIT生产方式在生产计划与控制中的应用,其中重点对订单随时增减变更情况下的生产计划与控制措施进行了探讨.     

两阶段供应链中库存信息共享的价值测算及模拟分析

信息共享被看作是供应链管理的一个重要因素,信息共享所产生的价值对供应链的高效运作贡献很大;该文就两阶段供应链中库存信息共享所产生的价值进行讨论,并将其与不共享库存信息时的状况做了比较,然后用Excel软件进行模拟分析。     

需求信息预测与处理中的牛鞭效应

研究了在不稳定的市场需求下，生产商和零售商所组成的供应链系统中的牛鞭效应存在问题．提出了当零售商采用一次平滑指数法或简单移动平均法获得需求信息的过程中，不存在波动放大现象．证明了在生产商和零售商都采用固定间隔库存策略处理需求信息的过程中，显著存在波动放大现象，从零售商到生产商的信息传递过程中，存在着牛鞭效应现象．需求过程中的牛鞭效应主要是由于生产商和零售商利用各自库存策略处理信息的结果．     

ATO型供应链生产规划与库存协调集成决策经济模型

结合供应链分析模型研究的现状和ATO(assembletoorder)型供应链企业的特点,建立了供应链联盟生产规划与库存协调集成决策经济模型,该模型包括战略层子模型和运作层子模型两部分.战略层子模型以供应链整体增值利润最大化为目标来确定各层企业的生产计划;运作层子模型,在战略层确定的生产合作计划的基础上,来实现协调多层供应链成员企业生产周期或批量的目标.此外,文章还从合作博弈的角度证实了模型博弈核心解的存在性这样模型确定的生产合作计划可保证联盟整体的稳定性.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae,Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae

This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

货架摆放量影响需求的库存管理

建立某些商品的需求与库存管理模型,从商品自身的销售弹性与替代品的销售弹性出发,设定摆放量充足时货架摆放量与需求量是指数函数关系;当摆放量小于一定量时,顾客的需求为一常数,并且允许顾客流失和延迟销售;在此基础上建立货架摆放量与需求量的模型.并通过解析解的情况,求出最优解.