有机物生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附是有效处理难降解有机物的技术之一。文章从生物吸附的概念、生物吸附过程、吸附剂的制备及再生、生物吸附影响因素等方面进行了综述,同时阐述了生物吸附有机物的技术研究进展和应用前景展望。     

荧光法测定海洋生物体中石油烃总量

将生物样品经氢氧化钠皂化,采用二氯甲烷萃取,残留物用石油醚溶解,采用荧光分光光度计,于激发波长310 nm,发射波长360 nm处进行总量测定.分析结果表明,方法的检测下限值为1.89μg/L,重复性较好.样品分析结果精密度,其相对误差不超出8%,准确度内控样加标,回收率测定结果在86%~102%之间.     

河流水质监测和评价的生物学方法

结合理化分析,从生物学的角度对河流水质进行监测和评价,可以综合反映出河流的水环境质量.综述了利用水生生物进行河流水质监测和评价的原理、特点、分类及一些主要研究方法的发展趋势,旨在为快速、准确地评价河流健康和流域管理提供参考.     

水生生物在水质监测中的应用

介绍了水环境污染物生物监测的理论及其优越性和主要方法。对水体污染生物监测中存在的问题进行了分析，展望了水体污染生物监测与数学分析结合的应用前景。     

水体中盐酸环丙沙星的风险等级分析

分析了抗生素类药物盐酸环丙沙星对水中不同食物链水生生物包括小球藻、发光菌、大型蚤、孔雀鱼的影响,其急性毒性EC₅₀或者LC₅₀数值分别为20.61,63.27,135.15,365.00 mg·L^-1。毒性作用规律结果显示,随着生物链等级的升高,生物对环丙沙星的耐受程度升高。将综合评价因子(PEC/PNEC)作为环境风险表征参数,对大连开发区污水处理厂排水及大连湾沿海养殖区中存在的盐酸环丙沙星进行风险分析,发现盐酸环丙沙星在沿海养殖区水域中的环境风险高于污水处理厂排水。小球藻的综合评价因子数值范围最大,可作为评价水体中盐酸环丙沙星残留风险等级的生物标志物。     

应用浮游藻类评价桂湖水质的研究

于2004年应用浮游藻类对桂林旅游景点——桂湖水质进行监测评价，初步探讨了桂湖浮游藻类与水质的相互关系．研究内容：浮游藻类的组成、生物种类、生物数量、指示生物、均匀度指数、多样性指数及理化对照监测等．结果表明：桂湖含有浮游藻类7门69属138种，主要种类为硅藻和绿藻；水质评价指数大多数样点达到清洁水质标准，少数有轻度污染，桂湖水质整体为清洁。     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

有机高岭土的制备及对船舶压载水入侵生物的治理

为有效防治船舶压载水外来生物的入侵传播,采用十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA )与高岭土湿法合成有机高岭土,以赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻和天然海水中的异氧细菌、原生动物为目标生物,考察反应温度、反应介质、老化时间和HDTMA 用量等条件对有机高岭土除藻效率的影响.FT-IR、XRD分析表明,HDTMA 与高岭土主要通过离子交换和表面吸附形成稳定的有机-无机复合物.实验结果表明,当有机高岭土的用量为0.030 g.L-1时,24 h内塔马亚历山大藻的去除率大于80%;用量0.10 g.L-1时海水中的异氧细菌无法检出,同时对海水中的部分原生动物也具有较强的灭杀作用.     

知识型企业生命体健康演化仿真

为探索影响知识型企业生命体健康演化的因素,采用元胞自动机建模理论研究了核心智能单元、支持智能单元与动态竞争环境相互作用对知识型企业生命体健康演化的影响.仿真结果表明:核心智能单元的已有业务能力集、动态能力与外部环境变化的匹配程度高,且支持智能单元的健康保持能力与自修复能力强时,使知识型企业生命体维持在健康状态;但当核心智能单元及支持智能单元相关能力与动态环境匹配程度较低或一高一低时,将导致知识型企业生命体处于不健康状态;知识型生命体健康的演化结果对其初始健康状态敏感.     

A bioinformatic evaluation of potential allergenicity of 85 candidate genes in transgenic organisms

The potential of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) to increase allergenicity or predispositions to allergies has attracted much attention.An approach that will properly and holistically evaluate the allergenicity of GMOs is yet to be found.Here,85 transgenes that have been reported in both international and domestic studies during recent years are summarized case by case;49 of the transformed genes were from plant sources and 36 were from animal sources.EVALLERTM,a web server for the in silico assessment of potential protein allergenicity,was used to evaluate the potential of the transgenic proteins as allergens.The biomedical journals listed in Highwire(http://highwire.stanford.edu/) were searched and reviewed to decipher whether any of the transformed genes were linked to allergenicity or human health.The EVALLER analysis identified 5 allergenic genes,whilst our literature review found 11 genes that were either related to allergic cases or to clinical adverse events;all 16 of these genes have been used in GMOs.The analysis pathway that we have developed can help guide the selection of genes to be used in genetic modification.The pathway also provides a paradigm for allergenicity analysis of transgene candidates.