The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

2006年秋末一次连续性降雪天气过程诊断分析

对连续性降雪过程进行了综合分析,提出了该类降雪过程的预报着眼点。     

基于GPRS气象信息数据采集传输系统

通过GPRs技术来构建采集传输系统具有充分利用现有网络资源，降低建设成本，缩短建设周期等优点。利用其来采集、传输气象信息数据，可以对将来一段时期内的气象形势做出较为准确的预报，对人们的日常生活给予方便，为防洪抗汛提供决策支持。     

机器人避障功能的设计

本文介绍了通过硬件的连接以及利用汇编语言编写简单程序使机器人实现避障功能.     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

基于威胁规避的战斗机网络瞄准攻击引导轨迹优化

针对网络瞄准攻击对战斗机精确引导的需求,研究威胁规避下的战斗机攻击引导轨迹优化问题。以战斗机过载为控制量建立引导状态模型;以目标威胁建立引导路径约束模型;以导弹发射瞄准条件为终端约束;以引导的快速性和控制经济性为性能指标,将轨迹优化建模为具有非线性边界约束、状态约束和路径约束的最优控制问题,并采用高斯伪谱法将其转化为非线性规划问题进行求解,为了保证算法的实时性,采用滚动时域策略进行在线滚动优化。仿真结果表明:所提出的方法能在有效规避目标威胁下达成导弹攻击的瞄准条件,基于RHC策略的优化单次计算时间小于1s,算法实时性能满足战斗机的引导需求。     

一种基于速度势场的局部在线避碰方法

本文以势场方法的思想为出发点，提出一种基于速度势场的自主移动机器人的局部避碰方法。该方法可以更好地利用相对速度的信息，在存在移动障碍物和环境中得到较好的局部在线避碰效果。     

微小型LTA飞行机器人主动避障控制研究

采用基于行为的研究方法，设计了一种基于电机神经元网络的微小型LTA飞行机器人主动避障控制方法。该方法通过电机神经元网络选取飞行机器人的飞行动作，采用增强式学习方法对飞行结果作出评判，利用评判结果在线修改网络权值，从而实现微小型LTA飞行机器人在未知、动态环境中的主动避障。飞行机器人的仿真运行分析，验证了该方法的有效性。     

数字化天气雷达强度标定方法

数字化天气雷达的组网观测是天气雷达发展的必然趋势，现有数字化天气雷达提供的强度场必须经过强度标定后再用于组网，因此迫切要求制定数字化天气雷达标定方法。指出了使用标定方程时应注意的量纲问题，针对有关文献中存在的问题提出了解决方法。     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.