复合材料设计的原理与实践

对复合材料设计的原理与实践进行简要介绍,对其研究现状与发展趋势进行评述．重点在于工程结构复合材料,特别是航空航天领域应用的先进复合材料,重点是仿生与机敏材料设计,材料设计的目的是实现材料性能优化．     

浅论绿色无锡建设中的绿化仿生问题

本文分析了城市绿化建设中存在的共性问题及可采取的对策,从生态系统生物生产、物质循环、能量流动、信息传递以及构建和谐种群关系5个方面论述了城市绿化应以模拟自然生态系统结构与功能为途径,并指出提高城市绿化仿生水平是实现绿色无锡建设目标的关键.     

Biomimetic fluorapatite films for conservation of historic calcareous stones

Fluorapatite protective films were prepared on marble substrates using a biomimetic method. By mimicking the mineralization mechanism of enamel, phosphorus and fluorine were introduced on the surface of the marble substrate. In the presence of a biological template, namely collagen, an integrated fluorapatite film was produced and the marble substrate was entirely covered. The prepared fluorapatite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The performances of the fluorapatite films were evaluated by color changes, capillary water absorption, and acid resistance tests. The results revealed that the fluorapatite films had good compatibility with the marble substrate; the physical properties such as color and capillary water adsorption of the marble substrates were unchanged. The fluorapatite films also had good acid resistance and were stable even in heavy acid rain.     

新型苯并呋喃新木脂素类化合物的合成研究

以对羟基苯甲醛和丙二酸为原料,经Knoevenagel缩合反应,酯化、仿生氧化偶联、DDQ脱氢、还原和水解等反应步骤,合成了6种未见文献报道的苯并二氢呋喃新木脂素和苯并呋喃新木脂素类化合物(1~6).其中两分子对羟基苯丙烯酸甲酯仿生氧化偶联为它的二聚体(1)和DDQ脱氢反应是整个合成路线的关键步骤.DDQ脱氢反应可成功实现由苯二氢呋喃向苯并呋喃环转化,这为合成苯并呋喃新木脂素类化合物提供了一种新方法.     

Impact of dissolved humic acid on the bioavailability of acenaphthene and chrysene assessed by membrane-based passive samplers

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is known to reduce the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aqueous environments. This reduction occurs as a result of adsorption to DOC, apparently reducing the freely dissolved concentration of HOCs. In the present study, triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to measure the uptake of acenaphthene and chrysene in the presence of commercial humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0―15 mg C·L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. Apparent uptake rate constants for PAHs in TECAM and medaka were compared and DOC-water partition coefficients (KDOCs) of two PAHs were calculated with different sampling methods by model fit. Results showed that HA present in water significantly reduced the uptake of PAHs in TECAM and medaka. The obtained values of log KDOC of acenaphthene and chrysene measured by TECAM were 4.63 and 5.83, respectively, whereas biologically determined values were 4.52 and 5.76, respectively. These log KDOC values were comparable to earlier published KDOCs toward commercial HA, thereby indicating that TECAM accumulated only the freely dissolved fraction of chemicals and uptake PAHs in a manner similar to that of fish. All these results suggested that the TECAM method can provide a good means for assessing the impact of DOC on bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous environment.     

仿生无痛注射针头研究进展

医用注射针是现代医疗诊治过程中的常用器械,但注射针头刺穿皮肤时产生的疼痛感会给患者带来严重不适,国内外学者就如何减轻注射过程对人体造成的疼痛感开展了广泛研究。蚊子、蝉、蜜蜂等昆虫的刺吸式口器因具有低阻力刺入动植物表皮的功能,已被视为仿生原型用于研制无痛注射针头。从注射针头刺穿皮肤疼痛的产生机制入手,概述了疼痛测量方法以及仿生原型刺入机理,重点分析了低阻力医用注射针头的减阻机理,介绍了微针阵列在材料选择与制备方面的研究状况,展望了低阻力医用注射针头研制的应用前景,指出未来在仿生无痛注射针的制备中,应基于高精度3D打印技术和激光微纳加工技术,获取加工精度更高的仿生无痛注射针头。     

新型仿生亲和介质纯化工艺生产效率分析

抗体的捕获层析的成本在整个抗体纯化工艺中占有相当的比例.分析比较了新型小分子仿生亲和介质和常规蛋白A的动态载量、循环使用次数和线性流速等参数,并计算了相应的生产效率,发现新型小分子仿生亲和介质最高生产效率能达到蛋白A亲和层析介质最高生产效率的3⁶.9倍.     

2020年深海潜水器热点回眸

 2020年,国内外在深海装备研发领域取得显著的进展。围绕载人/无人潜水器的研发,重点介绍了2020年国际和国内的研究热点和亮点工作,分析了中国海洋技术所处的国际地位,并对中国深海潜水器领域未来的发展方向提出了建议。     

仿生机器鱼巡游性能分析与实验

以鱼体运动行波方程为动力学基础,参照鱼体尾部运动函数方程设计了"BLRF--I"系列仿鲹科机器鱼.在该系列机器鱼中,采用模块化设计结构,可以方便地更改尾部驱动舵机的数量,形成仅有驱动舵机数量不同、其他机制完全相同的单关节、两关节和三关节仿生机器鱼.对"BLRF--I"系列机器鱼的巡游速度与最小转弯半径进行实验分析.结果表明,"BLRF--I"系列机器鱼尾部驱动舵机数量的增加可以有效地提高巡游速度,最小转弯半径在舵机数量为2时达到最小.进而论证了仿生机器鱼关节数目对机器鱼游动性能的影响,并提出了仿生机器鱼关节数目和巡游速度的关系方程.     

基于细胞膜仿生策略的纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用

随着纳米技术的发展，纳米颗粒凭借其物理、化学、生物学优势被广泛应用于医学领域。然而，生物安全性差、血液循环时间短、靶向能力弱等缺点，仍然限制着纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗方面的应用。作为一种天然生物材料，细胞膜拥有独特的生物学性质。细胞膜仿生策略赋予纳米颗粒不同的生物学性质，弥补了纳米材料本身的不足，扩大了纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗方面的应用。文章主要介绍细胞膜仿生纳米颗粒的制备方法以及膜仿生策略在肿瘤治疗中的应用与研究。