The contents of the pygidial gland of the primitive antNothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

Summary The principal constituent of the pygidial gland ofNothomyrmecia macrops is 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-2-one, a substance not previously identified in insects. Also identified were 2,6-dimethylhept-5-enal, 2-nonanone, indole, -dodecalactone, and the hydrocarbons pentadecane, heptadecane, heptadecene and heptadecadiene, all in low nanogram quantities.     

加入WTO后我国金融管理分析

当前我国的金融业,有商业银行不良债权,上市公司质量隐患等问题。加入WTO对我国金融业既是机遇也是挑战,应对WTO;中国金融业应当从健全金融法规,加强金融监管,进行金融创新等方面积极应对金融业进一步开放。     

财政资金管理系统设计

本文结合科研课题“财政资金管理系统”的开发，详细阐述了系统的开发背景、开发平台、功能特点和运行流程，并将对后续财政资金管理系统的开发起到一定的参考和促进作用。     

基于智能蚂蚁算法的路由选择

智能蚂蚁算法已经成功地运用于TSP问题和一系列的离散优化问题．文中分析了智能蚂蚁算法的工作原理．并基于蚂蚁的自组织能力描述了一种新的分布式动态路由选择方法，QoS保证的分布式路由选择算法(DQRA)。DQRA能以并行的方式解决网络中呼叫的时延和带宽分配问题。理论证明此种算法简单，易于实现．能有效地解决大型网络的负载平衡问题。选择Matlab仿真软件对DQRA算法进行仿真，并且比较了当业务要求带宽变化时阻塞率的变化．进一步证明了算法的有效性。     

Larval instars of the ant Strumigenys solifontis Brown (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): the fallacy of size distribution

Larval instars of the myrmicine ant Strumigenys solifontis Brown were determined by measuring the head width under a stereomicroscope and examining the morphology, especially chaetotaxy, by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This study found that the larval stage consisted of four instars, but the first and second instars were not distinguishable by their head widths. However, the four instars could be discriminated clearly by a combination of size measurement and observations on the chaetotaxy. Within a population, there are few larvae in the first instar because of its short period (only 1–2 days before moulting into the second instar) and the low oviposition rate of the queen. Therefore, the first-instar larva needs to be collected separately from other instars so that it is not missed.     

多才多艺的周自齐

周自齐，祖籍山东单县，出身副贡生，毕业于北京同文馆英语科，曾任驻美使馆代办，又曾任山东都督兼民政长、进步党名誉理事、属中国银行总裁、交通总长、代理陆军总长、财政总长、农商总长、中国银行督办、财政委员会委员长、华盛顿会议代表团高等顾问、署理国务总理、署理教育总长、摄行总统职权。既是英语文专家，又是外交家、银行家、教育家、省长、国务总理、代总统，堪称多才多艺，难能可贵。     

立足滨海与培养应用型金融人才的探讨

为了更好地适应未来金融人才的需求,更好地服务地方经济,迫切需要高素质的应用型人才。天津商业大学以培养复合型创业型应用人才为出发点,在培养应用型金融人才培养方面做出了有益的探索和实践,取得了良好的教学效果。     

Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island,southern Japan

The ant Acropyga sauteri Forel has an obligate, mutualistic symbiosis with a mealybug, Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri, on Okinawa Island, southern Japan. The mealybugs live inside ant nests nearly all their lives, and the ants depend on them for food. Alate foundress queens carry mealybugs during their nuptial flights, using them to establish new colonies at new sites. However, important aspects of the symbiosis have not yet been elucidated. The present study characterizes the basic biology of the symbiosis and describes for the first time the morphologies of all growth stages of E. smithii. Our study suggests that E. smithii has only one nymphal stage, followed by a female pupal stage or male prepupal stage. Intensive sampling of ant nests across seasons showed that A. sauteri prefers nest sites 5–20 cm underground. Acropyga sauteri produced reproductive stages mainly in mid‐March or early April, and numbers of both ant workers and mealybugs increased from spring to summer. Experimental determination of colony identity with a method using nestmate recognition by ants suggested that each ant colony rarely has a perimeter greater than 30 cm, that the ants are monogynous, and that different ant colonies are densely aggregated along the root system of a plant, adjacent to each other but not interflowing. Both symbiotic partners were vulnerable to attacks by several common subaerial ant species following physical disturbance to their nests.     

中国农村金融组织架构的帕累托最优状态分析

从农村信用社在中国农村金融市场中的垄断低效率出发，利用帕累托最优化分析了中国农村民面金融的存在和发展是对垄断低效率的一种帕累托改进，在有效的引导和监管机制下，民间金融的发展对农村信用社、农村经济主体和政府是有利的，不会损害三者中任何一方的利益。     

车辆可重复利用VRPTW问题的模型和改进蚁群算法

提出车辆可重复利用的VRPTW问题,建立多目标整数规划模型;基于蚁群系统（ACS）,按优先访问服务开始时间较早、服务时间较短和关窗时间较早的原则,设计启发式因子和蚂蚁状态转移规则;借鉴MMAS和ASrank的优点设计信息素更新策略,既加强对每次迭代最好解的利用,又避免陷入局优;根据客户服务结束时间较早优先原则构造初始解.实验结果表明,可以大幅度减少所需车辆数并节省车辆的总运行时间,具有较快的收敛速度,本文的模型和算法是有效的.