马铃薯双单倍体及在育种中应用研究进展

用大量资料论述了马铃薯双单倍体、四倍体再合成、２ｎ配子在育种中应用研究进展概况．并论述了近１０年２ｎ配子育种成就．     

离体诱导单倍体在植物遗传与育种中的应用

单倍体量种特殊的生命现象,涉及到生物的起源,进化 ,胚胎发生与遗传变异等学科,受到科学家的关注。本文讨论下述问题：１）高等植物单倍体的起源;２）单倍体的遗传学;３）离体诱导单倍体的应用。     

QTL mapping of the root traits and their correlation analysis with drought resistance using DH lines from paddy and upland rice cross

A Double Haploid (DH) population, 116 plants, derived from the cross between Japonica upland rice IRAT109 and paddy rice Yuefu, planted in PVC pipe under upland ecosystem in 2001 and 2002, was used in this study. Seven root traits, including basal root thickness (BRT), total root number (RN), maximum root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root fresh weight to shoot fresh weight (RFW/SFW) and ratio of root dry weight to shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW), were studied. Using index of drought resistance (IDR), the ratio of yield under upland ecosystem to yield under lowland ecosystem of DH lines, as the criteria of drought resistance, and correla-tion analysis between root traits and IDR, showed that BRT, MRL and RN were significantly correlated with IDR. High IDR lines had thicker BRT, longer MRL and less RN than low IDR lines. A molecular linkage map with 94 RFLP markers and 71 SSR markers covering 1535.1 cM was pro-duced. QTLs and G譋 interactions for BRT, RN, MRL, RFW, RDW, RFW/SFW and RDW/SDW were obtained based on the constructed molecular linkage map and soft-ware QTLmapper version 1.0. A total of 18 additive QTLs and 18 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with root traits were detected. There were nine additive QTLs and two pairs of epistatic QTLs performed significant interactions with environment. Some QTLs with high general contribution and no G譋 interaction were obtained. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs mrl3 and mrl8, brt3 and brt11a controlling MRL and BRT had high general contributions of 21.51% and 13.03% respectively. An additive QTL and a pair of epistatic QTLs controlling RFW and RDW had high general contributions of 13.50% and 25.64% respectively. Marker assisted selec-tion (MAS) for rice drought resistance based on QTL with high general contribution, low G譋 interaction and tightly linkage with IDR were also discussed.     

草莓新品系S4—94—1的选育

“S4-94-1”系利用花粉单倍体育种培育出的草莓新品系，平均单果重14.5g，糖度9.5%，有机酸含量0.9%，生长势强，比对照品种增产18.9%～19.4%，适于露地及保护地生产。     

单倍体小麦与簇毛麦的不对称体细胞杂交

以小麦杂２４－２（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ,ｃｖ．２４－２）花药来源的愈伤组织分离原生质体作受体;簇毛麦（Ｈａｙｎａｌｄｉａ ｖｉｌｌｏｓａ）幼胚来源的愈伤组织原生质体经２２０μＷ／ｃｍ＾２紫外线照射３０ｓ作供体,作ＰＥＧ法诱导融合,最后获得再生愈伤组织。以融合再生的４个最先长大的细胞系进行染色体,同工酶和ＲＡＰＤ分析。结果表明,这些细胞系均为体细胞杂种,ＲＡＰＤ技术可作为小麦体细胞杂种     

辣椒花药培养主要影响因素的研究进展

对影响辣椒花药培养的主要因素一材料的基因型、花药发育时期、预处理、培养基的成分、培养条件等进行了综述．并对辣椒单倍体培养存在的问题和未来的研究方向作了展望．     

小麦花粉无性系变异与配子类型的表达和重组

发现了小麦花粉无性系变异具有普遍性的现象,揭示了其产生途径、类型和机制,为创造异源易位系和异源基因定位开辟了新途径．此外,论证了花粉植株的多样性是因为各种配子类型能在植株水平上充分表达,以及小麦D组染色体与黑麦R组染色体之间的重组关系．为研究植物性状的遗传与变异和单倍体育种中快速转移外源基因和高效选择提供了理论根据．     

马铃薯育种方法研究进展(一)

根据目前马铃薯育种方向，获得马铃薯双单倍体是邓铃薯育种成功的关键，就马铃薯双单体细胞学，获得方法及特性进行了评述。     

质量—数量性状的遗传参数估计：Ⅱ.利用DH群体或RIL群体

采用混合分布理论与极大似然法，拓展了适用于双单倍体群体（ＤＨ）和重组近交系（ＲＩＬ）群体的质量－数量性状的遗传分析方法，提此方法可以鉴别主－微基因的存在，了解主基因的作用方式，估计主－微基因的遗传效应和方差等遗传参数。     

啤酒酵母单倍体的诱导与遗传标记

在适宜的条件下，诱导充分活化的啤酒酵母ＬＱ１６和ＱＢ７，可以获得单倍体细胞，再通过ＵＶ诱变使二者分别获得ＬＱ１６〔Ｄａｔ’Ｉｌｅ＾－〕和ＱＳＢ７〔Ｈ２Ｓ＾－，Ａｌａ＾－〕的遗传标记。