辣椒碱单体、二氢辣椒碱单体和降二氢辣椒碱单体抑菌效果研究

通过滤纸片法就辣椒碱单体、二氢辣椒碱单体、降二氢辣椒碱单体及辣椒素对细菌和真菌的抑制效果进行了考察,结果表明：辣椒碱单体具有明显的抑菌作用,抑菌效果明显好于二氢辣椒碱单体、降二氢辣椒碱单体和辣椒素。进一步比较发现,辣椒碱单体对5种菌株抑菌效果由大到小依次为金黄色葡萄球菌 > 大肠杆菌 > 铜绿假单胞菌 > 白色念珠菌 > 黑曲霉菌。因此,以辣椒碱单体为主要原料开发天然高效的抑菌防腐剂具有实际意义。     

An efficient scheme for multi-party quantum state sharing via non-maximally entangled states

We present a new scheme for investigating the usefulness of non-maximally entangled states for multi-party quantum state shar-ing in a simple and elegant manner.In our scheme,the sender,Alice shares n various probabilistic channels composed of non-maximally entangled states with n agents in a network.Our protocol involves only Bell-basis measurements,single qubit measurements,and a two-qubit unitary transformation operated by free optional agents.Our scheme is a more convenient realiza-tion because no other multipartite joint measurements are needed.Furthermore,in our scheme various probabilistic channels lessen the requirement for quantum channels,which makes it more practical for physical implementation.     

利用活性污泥发酵生产微生物复合菌肥

在土样中筛选出固氮、解磷、解钾效率较高的目标菌种,利用发酵工厂污水处理程序所产生的活性污泥作为底物培养基,按一定比例接入所筛菌种进行发酵,经干燥处理制得微生物复合菌肥(含水质量分数为9%,有效活菌数大于3亿g-1)。在普通土壤中加入一定量的上述微生物复合菌肥,可使土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾质量分数分别提升91%、160%、98%。在小西红柿实验中,微生物复合菌肥可以使小西红柿幼苗相对空白实验组株高、茎粗和根长的增长率分别达到12.8%、7.0%、22.1%。     

Temperature dependent spectral response characteristic of III-V compound tandem cell

The GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction tandem cells with a conversion efficiency of 27.1% were fabricated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Temperature dependence of the spectral response measurements of the GaInP/GaAs/Ge tandem cell was performed by a quantum effi-ciency system at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 160℃. The red-shift phenomena of the absorption limit for all subcells were observed with increasing temperature, which is dued to the energy gap nar-rowing with temperature. The short-circuit current densities (J_sc)of GaInP, GaAs and Ge subcells at room temperature calculated based on the spectral response data were 12.9, 13.7 and 17 mA/cm², re-spectively. The temperature coefficient of J_sc for the tandem cell was determined to be 8.9 mA/(cm²·℃), and the corresponding temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage deduced from the se-ries-connected model was -6.27 mV/℃.     

Effects of cutoff thresholds for minor allele frequencies on HapMap resolution: A real dataset-based evaluation of the Chinese Han and Tibetan populations

Genomic variation is the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity among individuals, including variation in disease susceptibility and drug response. The greatest promise of the International HapMap is to provide roadmaps for identifying genetic variants predisposing to complex diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） is the fundamental element of the HapMap. Allele frequency of SNPs is one of the major factors affecting the resulting HapMap, being the factor upon which linkage disequilibrium （LD） is calculated, haplotypes are constructed, and tagging SNPs （tagSNPs） are selected. The cutoff thresholds for the frequency of minor alleles used in the making of the map therefore have profound effects on the resolution of that map. To date most researchers have adopted their own cutoff thresh- olds, and there has been little real dataset-based evaluation of the effects of different cutoff thresholds on HapMap resolution. In an attempt to assess the implications of different cutoff values, we analyzed our own data for the centromeric genes on Chromosome 15 in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations, with respect to minor allele frequency cutoff values of 〉0.01 （0.01 group）, 〉0.05 （0.05 group）, and 〉0.10 （0.10 group）, and constructed HapMaps from each of the datasets. The resolution, study power and cost-effectiveness for each of the maps were compared. Our results show that the 0.01 threshold provides the greatest power （P= 0.019 in Han and P= 0.029 in Tibetan for 0.01 vs. 0.05 threshold） and de- tects most population-specific haploypes （P= 0.012 for 0.01 vs. 0.05 threshold）. However, in the regions studied, the 0.05 cutoff threshold did not significantly increase power above the 0.10 threshold （P = 0.191 in Han; 1.000 in Tibetans）, and did not improve resolution over the 0.10 value for population- specific haplotypes （P= 0.592） neither. Furthermore the 0.05 and 0.10 values produced the same figures for tagging efficiency, LD block number, LD length, study power and cost-savings in the Tibetan population. These results suggest that a lower cutoff value is more appropriate for studies in which population-specific haplotypes are crucial, and that the most appropriate cutoff value may differ between populations. Due to the limited genes studied in this project more studies should be conducted to further address this important issue.     

基于蚁群算法的基因位点组合与眼压数据的相关性分析

设计了一种蚁群算法,用于进行基因多位点组合与连续型表型的关联分析。在欧洲生物信息学研究所发布的一项基因及眼压的数据集上,评估了本文设计方法的性能,实验结果表明,利用本文设计的蚁群算法能够发现与眼压显著相关的基因双位点组合,这为研究青光眼的发病机制提供了新的线索。另外,对于研究其他疾病的多位点组合和连续型表型的关联,本文设计的蚁群算法提供了一种新的思路。     

Temperature dependent spectral response characteristic of Ⅲ-Ⅴ compound tandem cell

The GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction tandem cells with a conversion efficiency of 27.1% were fabricated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Temperature dependence of the spectral response measurements of the GaInP/GaAs/Ge tandem cell was performed by a quantum effi- ciency system at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 160℃. The red-shift phenomena of the absorption limit for all subcells were observed with increasing temperature, which is dued to the energy gap nar-rowing with temperat...     

磷修饰金纳米粒子对葡萄糖氧化的电催化性能

采用白磷还原法制备了磷修饰的金纳米粒子(Au-PNPs),Au-PNPs的粒径能够通过改变氯金酸与白磷的投料摩尔比进行有效调控.采用X-射线粉末衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学测试来表征Au-PNPs的形貌、结构和表面组成.循环伏安测试表明,在pH7.4的磷酸缓冲溶液中,Au-PNPs修饰电极对葡萄糖电化学氧化有良好的催化性能.通过与柠檬酸钠还原法制得的金纳米粒子(Au-CitNPs)的电化学性质比较,发现Au-PNPs对葡萄糖的电催化氧化具有优良的稳定性.基于此Au-PNPs修饰电极的葡萄糖无酶电化学传感器对于葡萄糖检测具有宽的线性检测范围(9.0×10-6～1.8×10-2mol/L)和低的检出限(5.0×10-6mol/L).     

稠油输送管道90°弯管的冲蚀模拟分析

为了研究重质稠油内砂粒对弯管的冲蚀作用,以90°弯管为研究对象,运用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）软件建立液固耦合的离散相冲蚀模型（discrete phase model,DPM）,利用SIMPLEC算法计算得到不同温度、砂粒粒径及质量流率下重质稠油输送管道弯管处冲蚀速率的变化规律。结果表明,同一流动状态下,随着温度升高,重质稠油的黏度及90°弯管的冲蚀速率皆呈指数递减趋势,最大冲蚀点出现在弯管90°方向线与侧壁面中线交点处;湍流流态下,90°弯管的冲蚀速率随砂粒粒径的增大而减小,稠油的黏性力对大粒径砂粒的束缚作用明显,冲蚀速率较低;湍流流态下,冲蚀速率随砂粒质量流率增加而增大,近壁面处砂粒与稠油间形成的黏性微团层对质量流率增加所引起的冲蚀具有一定缓解作用。     

Geomicrobial functional groups: A window on the interaction between life and environments

Microbes are well-known for their great diversity and abundance in modern natural environments.They also are believed to pro-vide critical links among higher organisms and their associated environments.However,the low diversity of morphological fea-tures and structures of ancient microbes preserved in sediments and rocks make them difficult to identify and classify.This diffi-culty greatly hinders the investigation of geomicrobes throughout Earth history.Thus,most previous paleontological studies have focused on faunal and floral fossils.Here,geomicrobial functional groups(GFGs),or a collection of microbes featured in specific ecological,physiological or biogeochemical functions,are suggested to provide a way to overcome the difficulties of ancient mi-crobe investigations.GFGs are known for their great diversity in ecological,physiological and biogeochemical functions.In addi-tion,GFGs may be preserved as the biogeochemical,mineralogical and sedimentological records in sediments and rocks.We reviewed the functions,origins and identification diagnostics of some important GFGs involved in the elemental cycles of carbon,sulfur,nitrogen and iron.GFGs were further discussed with respect to their significant impacts on paleoclimate,sulfur chemistry of ancient seawater,nutritional status of geological environments,and the deposition of Precambrian banded iron formations.