铋层状化合物Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15陶瓷材料的上转换发光、铁电、介电性能研究

采用传统的固相烧结法,制备了Na0.5Ho0.5-xYbxBi4Ti4O15铋层状结构陶瓷.经X射线衍射（XRD）表征,新合成材料为单相结构,且扫描电子显微镜下的表面和断面图像均为层状,说明合成材料为新型铋层状材料.室温时,在可见光波长范围内,有2个峰,分别为546 nm处的绿光峰和656 nm处的红光峰,分别对应于Ho3＋离子的5F4＋5S2→5I8和5F5→5I8跃迁.为研究其机理,测试了变功率条件下的发光强度,经计算,绿光和红光发射均为双光子过程.研究陶瓷样品在变温（-130~270°C）条件下的发光性能时,发现红光与绿光的强度比值与温度呈线性关系,该材料有望应用于光学温度传感器领域.经介电性能测试发现当Ho：Yb=1：9时,样品的居里温度为686.4°C.研究铁电性能发现当Ho：Yb=3：2时,剩余极化Pr为9.3μC/cm2,矫顽场强为Ec=82 k V/cm,表明具有一定的铁电性能.以上研究结果表明,制得的新材料是一种具有优异光学性能的多功能材料.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

Low concentrations of NaHSO3 enhance NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent cyclic photophosphorylation and alleviate the oxidative damage to improve photosynthesis in tobacco

Bisulfite at low concentrations(L-NaHSO3) increases cyclic electron transport around photosystem I(PSI) and photosynthesis.However,little is known regarding the detailed contribution of cyclic electron transport to the promoted photosynthesis by L-NaHSO3.In the present work,we used tobacco mutant defective in ndhC-ndhK-ndhJ(ndhCKJ) to investigate the role of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(NDH)-dependent cyclic electron transport around PSI in an increase in photosynthesis by L-NaHSO3.After the treatment of tobacco leaves with L-NaHSO3(10 μmol L-1),the NDH-dependent cyclic electron transport,monitored by a transient post-illumination increase in Chl fluorescence and the amount of NDH,was notably up-regulated in wild type(WT).The NDH-dependent cyclic electron transport was severely impaired in ndhCKJ and was not significantly affected by treatment with L-NaHSO3.Accordingly,the NDH-dependent transthylakoid membrane proton gradient(pH),as reflected by the slow phase of millisecond-delayed light emission(ms-DLE),was increased by L-NaHSO3 in WT,but not in ndhCKJ;the enhancement of cyclic photophosphorylation(PSP) activity by L-NaHSO3 was more obvious in WT than ndhCKJ.The accumulation of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was reduced in WT when subjected to L-NaHSO3 treatment,but not in ndhCKJ.Furthermore,the increase of photosynthetic O 2 evolution rate by L-NaHSO3 was more significant in WT than in ndhCKJ.We therefore conclude that L-NaHSO3 alleviates the photo-oxidative damage by the enhancement of NDH-dependent cyclic PSP,thereby improving photosynthesis.     

一株降酚菌的分离鉴定及降解性能研究

一株从土壤中分离的能够降解苯酚的菌株,经形态观察和16S rDNA鉴定,确定为无色杆菌属。对不同温度、pH值、盐度以及不同苯酚质量浓度培养基中菌株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行了研究,结果表明：该菌株能在30 ℃、67 h内完全降解600mg/L的苯酚,并能对1000 mg/L的苯酚起到降解作用;在温度为30 ℃、pH=7、盐度为0.3%时,该菌株的生长及苯酚降解效率较好。     

Python 多核并行计算在海量星表交叉证认中 的应用

天文学研究中经常需要通过交叉证认将来自多波段多项目天文数据联系起来统一考虑. 当前天文数据急剧增长, 必然导致交叉证认的速度过慢. 针对这一问题, 提出一种在多核环境下使用Python 语言进行高效并行计算的方法, 与以往的研究结果相比, 速度提高了若干倍. 这为下一步的多波段数据统计研究和数据挖掘打下了良好的基础.     

Theoretical study of partial oxidation of ethylene by vanadium trioxide cluster cation

Density functional theory （DFT） study of reaction between vanadium trioxide cluster cation （VO3^＋） and ethylene （C2H4） to yield VO2^＋ ＋ CH3CHO （acetaldehyde） and VO2CH2^＋ ＋ HCHO （formaldehyde） is carried out. Structures of all reactants, products, intermediates, and transition state in the reaction have been optimized and characterized. The results show unexpected barriers in the reaction due to the existence of a η^2-O2 moiety in the ground state structure of VO3^＋. The initial reaction steps combining ethylene adsorption, C=C activation and O-O cleavage are proposed as rate limiting processes. Comparison of reactions of VO3^＋ ＋ C2H4 with VO3 ＋ C2H4 and VO2^＋ ＋ C2H4 in the previous studies is made in detail. The results of this work may shed light on the understanding of C=C bond cleavage in related heterogeneous catalysis.     

基于自动聚类算法（AutoClass）的恒星／星系分类

自动聚类算法（AutoClass）是一种非监督的能对复杂数据进行精确的自动聚类的有效分类方法,可以事先设定好类别数目让AutoClass自动寻找,在寻找结束后,能够得到每一条数据分别属于每一类别的几率,这样可以根据专业知识,选出比较好的分类效果．描述了使用AutoClass对SDSSDR6的恒星／星系测光数据进行分类,将868974条测光数据进行处理,通过去离群数据和自动聚类的方法,将最终的812613条数据分成两类,其中星系和恒星的数据分别是680361和126988条．对于去掉离群后的数据,星系和恒星的分类正确率分别达到99．51％和98．52％,表明AutoClass算法对去掉离群数据后的恒星／星系数据分类有很好的效率．因此,可以将该算法应用于天文中的其他分类问题,另外基于该算法的非监督性,可以帮助天文学家去掉离群数据或发现一些特殊天体．     

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of the electronic and ionic transport properties of LiCoO2 cathode

The storage behavior and process of the first delithiation-lithiation of LiCoO2 cathode were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The electronic and ionic transport properties of LiCoO2 cathode along with variation of electrode potential were obtained in 1 mol·L?1 LiPF6-EC:DMC:DEC electrolyte solution. It was found that after 9 h storage of the LiCoO2 cathode in electrolyte solu-tions,a new arc appears in the medium frequency range in Nyquist plots of EIS,which increases with increasing the storage time. In the charge/discharge processes,the diameter of the new arc is reversi-bly changed with electrode potential. Such variation coincides well with the electrode potential de-pendence of electronic conductivity of the LiCoO2. Thus this new EIS feature is attributed to the change of electronic conductivity of LixCoO2 during storage of the LiCoO2 cathode in electrolyte solutions,as well as in processes of intercalation-deintercalationtion of lithium ions. It has been revealed that the reversible increase and decrease of the resistance of SEI film in charge-discharge processes can be also ascribed to the variation of electronic conductance of active materials of the LiCoO2 cathode.     

绿洲农区不同苜蓿品种(系)主要性状的研究

在绿洲农区对17个不同品种（系）苜蓿的4个主要性状产量、再生性、粗蛋白含量及抗寒性等方面进行了研究。几项指标综合反映,美国8920、三得利、WL-232、先驱者、爱博等品种在绿洲农区的表现优于其他品种。     

碳纤维的电化学表面改性及其表面结构演变

采用电化学氧化法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,联用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),表征了碳纤维表面物理化学结构。结合力学性能分析,评价了碳酸氢铵、氯化铵和硫酸铵三种电解质的改性效果,解释了碳纤维表面薄弱层产生的原因,分析了电化学改性碳纤维表面的机理。结果表明,在电化学改性过程中,碳纤维表面活性氧含量呈现梯形变化趋势,最高增幅达87.8%,而活性氮含量则不断增加直到饱和,可达到2倍增幅;相对于羧基等含氧基团,碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)层间剪切强度(ILSS)对胺基等含氮官能团更加敏感;当电解质中存在二价阴离子时,有利于减小碳纤维抗张强度的损失,甚至使其得到提高。