天花粉蛋白晶体生长的斜锥形成核机制

用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin,TCS)晶体表面的斜锥形成核过程.对不同过饱和度下(σ=1.02～1.65)的TCS晶体成核过程进行了全方位的跟踪观察.发现在结晶前期,体系先采用线型生长,生长成链状聚集体,再进行侧向链间结合,最后形成不对称三维斜锥形核;在后期的成核过程中,TCS分子以尺寸不一的球形聚集体存在,并依次连接成串,进一步形成斜锥形核.通过AFM实验,详实地观测了TCS晶体生长的斜锥形成核过程,并从结构生物学角度阐释了这一成核现象的微观机制,给出了两种的成核途径.     

焦—汤效应远比焦耳效应显著吗？

本文指出在Ｐ→０极限条件下，将焦─汤系数μ与焦耳系数λ进行比较，并得出焦─汤效应大于焦耳应效的结论是不妥的．其原因是μ与λ具有不同的士纲．文中提出了两种对比方法．一种是选择性质相同的偏导数μ与．来表征其微分效应并进行对比；另一种是对有限过程的两种温变进行了估算．其结果都表明，焦─汤效应与焦耳效应相差并不悬殊．     

生态园林城市建设中有害生物的非化学控制

分析了有害生物对生态园林城市建设产生的作用,介绍了生态园林城市建设中有害生物的非化学控制方法,指出发展非化学方法控制城市园林有害生物已渐渐成为目前园林植保的主流。     

肝再生

肝脏在受到损害或切除之后,可以显示出强大的再生能力。肝再生这一现象早已被人们发现并研究。肝脏再生的启动因素有哪些,又是如何适时终止的?在肝再生过程中,哪些基因的表达发生了变化?哪些信号通路参与了肝再生过程?这些问题一直是研究者关注的焦点。本文将对肝再生研究的这些热点问题进行综述。     

Crystal structure of spinach major light-harvesting complex at 2.72 A resolution

The major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC-II) serves as the principal solar energy collector in the photosynthesis of green plants and presumably also functions in photoprotection under high-light conditions. Here we report the first X-ray structure of LHC-II in icosahedral proteoliposome assembly at atomic detail. One asymmetric unit of a large R32 unit cell contains ten LHC-II monomers. The 14 chlorophylls (Chl) in each monomer can be unambiguously distinguished as eight Chla and six Chlb molecules. Assignment of the orientation of the transition dipole moment of each chlorophyll has been achieved. All Chlb are located around the interface between adjacent monomers, and together with Chla they are the basis for efficient light harvesting. Four carotenoid-binding sites per monomer have been observed. The xanthophyll-cycle carotenoid at the monomer-monomer interface may be involved in the non-radiative dissipation of excessive energy, one of the photoprotective strategies that have evolved in plants.     

微重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验研究

利用俄罗斯IL-76失重飞机对微重力条件下方形截面管道内的水/气两相流压降进行了实验研究．利用本次微重力气／液两相流压降实验结果对一些目前常用的基于地面常重力实验结果的两相流压降预测模型(均相模型、Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型和Friedel模型)在微重力条件下的适用性进行了评估．比较发现,均相模型和Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型预测结果和实验数据差异很大;而Friedel模型的预测结果尽管也与实验数据有着明显的差别,但在这些模型中是误差最小的．因此,可以利用Friedel模型来对微重力气／液两相流压降进行初步预估,而新的、更精确的模型将依赖于更有物理意义的分析方法及不同重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验的结果．     

Adaptive Preassigned Time Stabilisation of Uncertain Second-Order Sub-Fully Actuated Systems

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - For a class of second-order sub-fully actuated systems (SOSFASs), this paper presents a preset-trajectory-based (PT-based) adaptive stabilising control...     

基于水力模型的多因子水质监测点优化布置方法研究

随着城市快速的发展,城市供水管网的规模也在不断的扩大,其拓扑结构也越来越复杂,增加了供水安全的难度。其中供水水质安全最为迫切,因此需要在供水管网中设置一定数量的水质监测点对供水水质进行监测。在前人研究的基础上,针对供水管网水质监测点优化布置的问题,在单一的节点水龄法的基础上综合考虑其他影响因素对管网水质的影响,利用北方某市供水管网水力模型进行水质监测点的优化布置方案设计,通过水力模拟软件,优化节点水龄法,设计出了基于多因子优化法的水质监测点优化布置程序。并对北方某市供水管网进行计算,结果表明,基于水力模型的多因子水质监测点优化布置方法计算出的水质监测点位置与实际位置有43.75%的重合度,不仅覆盖了在常规管网运行中水厂及加压泵站等重点水质监测位置,也在供水分界线、管网中以及管网末梢增加了部分监测点,同时对污染事故的预警时间也比优化前短,效果明显。因此,在人工经验的基础上,以多因子法为补充加强,理论与实际相结合,使布置方法更有科学依据,考虑因素更加全面,布点更加合理。利用该方法分析供水管网工况,可为水质监测点优化布置工作提供较好的实施方案。     

超微金盘电极及汞球电极的制备

本文研究了超微金盘电极及汞球电极的制备与处理方法。并测定了它们在溶液相可逆过程、阳极溶出可逆过程和吸附物可逆、完全不可逆过程的伏安特性。用所述方法制备的超微金盘电极和汞球电极的成功率高,重现性好。     

Molecular basis of photoprotection and control of photosynthetic light-harvesting

In order to maximize their use of light energy in photosynthesis, plants have molecules that act as light-harvesting antennae, which collect light quanta and deliver them to the reaction centres, where energy conversion into a chemical form takes place. The functioning of the antenna responds to the extreme changes in the intensity of sunlight encountered in nature. In shade, light is efficiently harvested in photosynthesis. However, in full sunlight, much of the energy absorbed is not needed and there are vitally important switches to specific antenna states, which safely dissipate the excess energy as heat. This is essential for plant survival, because it provides protection against the potential photo-damage of the photosynthetic membrane. But whereas the features that establish high photosynthetic efficiency have been highlighted, almost nothing is known about the molecular nature of the dissipative states. Recently, the atomic structure of the major plant light-harvesting antenna protein, LHCII, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Here we demonstrate that this is the structure of a dissipative state of LHCII. We present a spectroscopic analysis of this crystal form, and identify the specific changes in configuration of its pigment population that give LHCII the intrinsic capability to regulate energy flow. This provides a molecular basis for understanding the control of photosynthetic light-harvesting.