月地高速再入返回飞行器陀螺在轨自主标定技术研究及实现

针对包含非正交安装陀螺的捷联惯导平台轻量化自主对准问题,建立了非正交陀螺组误差模型,提出一套基于最小二乘法的标定算法和地面试验验证方法,在计算能力受限的情况下完成了高精度在轨标定.地面数学仿真和试验验证结果表明,该方法与扩展卡尔曼滤波法精度相当,计算量却大幅减小.在此基础上,通过对标定算法进行逻辑设计,实现了在轨多组陀螺同步容错和标定.该方法已成功应用于探月工程三期月地高速再入返回飞行器的实际飞行,实现了2套惯性导航平台的高精度初始姿态同步对准.     

天宫一号基于控制力矩陀螺的智能多模自适应姿态控制系统设计与验证

天宫一号是目前我国在轨运行的体积最大、重量最重的载人航天器.它具有变构型、变参数的特性,采用控制力矩陀螺系统和喷气推进系统实现高精度、高稳定度姿态控制.本文通过对天宫一号控制对象参数缓变和跳变相结合特点的分析,规划了高可靠灵活的控制策略,设计了智能多模自适应姿态控制系统.利用智能控制中规则集设定多模自适应控制的指标切换函数分配,利用多模自适应控制算法建立多模型控制器实现不同控制对象,不同控制任务的姿态控制.天宫一号通过地面测试和物理仿真试验,最后发射在轨运行,与神舟八号、神舟九号、神舟十号载人飞船圆满完成交会对接任务,充分验证了姿态控制系统设计的正确性和有效性.该设计方法在解决大型航天器变构型、变参数组合体姿态控制方面有突出优点,在未来的载人航天领域空间站建设具有应用前景.     

An approximate analytical solution to the ultrafiltration profile in a hemodialysis process between parallel porous plates

In a hemodialysis process, the blood that runs through straight channels exchanges substances with the dialysate through a semi-permeable membrane. The waste products, such as urea and creatinine, are therefore removed from the plasma by the membrane. In the analysis of this process, determination of the ultra-filtration profile along the porous membrane surface remains a difficult problem. In this work, an analytical solution to the derivation of such a profile was detailed, and the feasibility of this solution was discussed. The ultra-filtration profile was found to be in a cosine shape.     

低温下纳通道中纳米流体的传热机理

基于平衡分子动力学方法,引入含有量子修正项的WK势能模型,研究了低温条件下含有铜纳米颗粒的氦纳米流体在纳米尺度通道中的传热机理.通过比较原子势能、动能和碰撞能及加入纳米颗粒对热导率的影响,揭示出纳米颗粒与系统所有原子的相互作用势对纳米流体热导率贡献最大.分析热导率矢量随计算时间的收敛曲线,发现流道方向的热导率远大于壁面方向,热导率呈现出各向异性特征,深入的研究最终阐明了产生这一现象的物理机理.     

换热器至初馏塔管线的阻尼减振技术应用研究

针对某化工厂分馏装置换热器至初馏塔管道的振动超标问题，利用ANSYS有限元软件建立管道模型并计算其模态，利用Fluent进行流体脉动CFD仿真分析，探讨管线振动的根本原因；将阻尼减振技术应用到管线振动控制中，采用SAP2000软件进行阻尼减振模拟，探讨阻尼器的参数选择以及施加阻尼前后管道的振动情况。在管道相应位置安装黏滞型阻尼器，使管道振动幅值降低90%以上。研究结果表明：管道内流体的脉动冲击产生的激振力频率与管道的某阶固有频率接近从而发生共振，这是管道振动的主要原因；黏滞型阻尼器可以在设备不停机的情况下有效地吸收振动能量，控制管道的振动，同时不会改变管道的原有支撑结构，也不会引起临近管线的振动，保障设备的安全稳定运行。     

Preparation and properties of ferrite derived from iron oxidizing bacteria

The growth characteristics of Sphaerotilus natans and Leptothrix discophora SS-1(ATCC43182) were first used to fabricate the ferrite and manganese ferrite.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and vibrant sample magnetometer(VSM) were used to make clear their morphology microstructure,chemical composition,crystal structure,and magnetostatic characteristic.The result showed that the hollow ferrite fibers were prepared successfully,whose crystal structures were close to α-Fe2O3 and the average aspect ratio was over 50.Moreover,the soft magnetic manganese ferrite was fabricated with the saturation magnetization Ms at 25 emu/g and coercive force Hc at 796 A/m.     

Preliminary study of non-isothermal phase change phenomena in vertical Bridgman crystal growth

Axisymmetric dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with augmented items is extended to simulate the heat and mass transfer problems in the vertical Bridgman method (VBM) crystal growth of HgCdTe and CdZnTe. Axial solute concentration redistribution of three regions numerically reap-pears, and the influence of the pulling rate of the ampoule on it is further studied. Secondly, one di-mensional transient phase change phenomena is studied, and non-isothermal phase change phe-nomena is obtained from the initial transient region through the steady growth region to the final tran-sient region. Thirdly, the two-dimensional axisymmetric phase change interface position, interfacial shape and the temperature field of the melt and the crystal are numerically captured under the condi-tion to arrive at the steady state with zero pulling rate of the ampoule. Finally, the study of transient axisymmetric non-isothermal phase change phenomena is stressed and the results are compared with those in isothermal phase change. The influence of the pulling rate on non-isothermal phase change phenomena is revealed.     

Study on constant-pressure specific heat of non-equilibrium phase change process in gas-liquid two-phase flow system

In this paper,the air-water vapor-water system is taken as an example,and the formula of constant-pressure specific heat during non-equilibrium phase change process in the two-phase flow system is deduced using the theory of two-phase flow and thermophysics. The constant-pressure specific heat of non-equilibrium phase change process is calculated with the corresponding numerical model,and the numerical results are compared to those of the equilibrium phase change process. It is shown that in evaporation process,the variational rate of the non-equilibrium specific heat increases with increasing initial fluid temperature and particle mass fraction. The smaller particle radius is,the faster the varia-tional rate is. Meanwhile,the constant-pressure specific heat of equilibrium process is higher than that of the non-equilibrium process all the time.     

Exsolution microstructures in ultrahigh-pressure rocks: Progress, controversies and challenges

Exsolution microstructures in minerals of rocks from orogenic belts played an important role in recognition of ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism in their host rocks by defining the subduction depth and improving our understanding of the dynamics during the subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. However, it is a challenging scientific topic to distinguish the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and decipher their geological implications. This paper describes the subtle differences between the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ and the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and summarizes the progress in studies of exolution microstructures from UHP rocks and mantle rocks of ultra-deep origin. We emphasize distinguishing the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ based on their geometric topotaxy and chemistry. In order to decipher correctly the exsolution microstructures, it is crucial to understand the changes of chemistry and habits of host minerals with pressure and temperature, Therefore, it is important to combine observations of exsolution microstructure in natural rocks with experimental results at high pressure and temperature and results of micro-scale analyses. Such studies will improve our understanding of the UHP metamorphism and cast new lights on solid geoscience issues such as deep subduction of continental crusts and crust-mantle interactions.     

ISFD抑制转子不对中故障研究

针对旋转机械常见的转子不对中故障,设计了一种弹性阻尼支承—整体式挤压油膜阻尼器（ISFD）,研究ISFD弹性阻尼支承对转子不对中故障的振动抑制效果。运用有限元方法分析转子不对中力学模型,搭建单跨双支承转子实验台,模拟转子不对中故障,并对ISFD弹性阻尼支承的减振特性进行实验研究。实验结果表明：不对中故障导致转子振动增大,ISFD弹性阻尼支承可以有效减小振动,转子一倍频的降幅达到90.0%,二倍频的降幅达到97.5%。