清代入藏驿站及西藏地方内部驿站考

清朝是我国历史上最后一个封建王朝。清朝官方文书传递、官役公务往来时的食宿交通,以及与军事物资的运输有关的邮驿体系,伴随着清王朝走完了它的全部历程,对于统一的多民族国家的巩固发挥了重要的作用。清代所制定的一整套的邮驿制度,与清代政治、经济、军事、法制制度一起对国家发展都是不可缺少的重要内容。清朝政府为管理边疆地区,建立了一整套的行政体制,在西藏建立了驻藏大臣制度,与此同时,也建立了邮驿体制,这是进一步加强中央政府与西藏地方之间政治、军事和经济联系的重要举措。     

中意合作西藏羊八井ARGO-YBJ实验成果概览

文章简要介绍了中意合作西藏羊八井ARGO-YBJ宇宙线观测实验的物理目标和探测原理,重点概述了ARGO-YBJ阵列自2007年稳定运行以来在宇宙线实验观测中取得的重要成果,如甚高能γ点源、大尺度各向异性、宇宙线月亮阴影效应和全粒子谱等。     

略述藏传佛教寺院组织制度

文章在藏传佛教的形成、发展以及对西藏社会的影响进行阐述的基础上,对藏传佛教寺院的组织形式、学经制度和学位授予等方面进行了研究和分析,提出了藏传佛教组织制度从传统的同质性同亲构成的结构向异质性同亲构成的结构转变这一观点.     

Phylogenetic identification and microbial diversity in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu Mountain,Tibet

The bacterial diversity and abundance in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu mountain, Tibet, were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed by scanning electronic microscopy analysis. Most of bacteria were found to be of spherical or oval shape （〉95%）. Bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 5 genera （Caulobacter, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas and Pseudomonas）. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant （91.25%） among the library that consists of 594 clones. The sequences found in this study are highly similar to those previously retrieved from other cold environments, such as ice core, sea ice, permafrost and snow. The results showed that the cold and barren environments strongly influence the survival of bacteria. The high similarity among sequences retrieved from snow sample and other places, such as ocean, soil and water, suggested that the bacteria in snow, soil and water environments have the same origin.     

Two Field Techniques for Estimating Relative Abundance of Galliformes

Galliformes are often difficult to count adequately in their natural habitats due to low detectability of them. In the present study, we confirm availability of feather-count and feces-count as two useful field techniques to estimate the relative abundance of eared-pheasants (Crossoptilon spp. ). The former is suitable to forest environments during the post-incubation period, whereas the latter is best in areas with dry climate conditions during the fall-winter season. With the advantages of reduced survey effort and high repeatability, the two techniques are potentially applicable to other Galliform species in habitat selection studies and long-term population monitoring.