双酸型离子液体催化废PET醇解制备对苯二甲酸二丁酯研究

针对对苯二甲酸直接酯化合成高值增塑剂对苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBTP)存在的原料价高难得,三废排放量大,催化剂用量大、难分离且不可重复利用等问题,以绿色环保、可循环使用的Brnsted-Lewis双酸型离子液体1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯铁酸盐[HO_3S-(CH_2)_3-mim]Cl-FeCl_3(FeCl_3摩尔分数x=0.67)为催化剂,研究了正丁醇醇解廉价易得的废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制备增塑剂对苯二甲酸二丁酯的反应.结果表明:在n(PET重复单元)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶3,m(PET)∶m(催化剂)=5∶1,反应温度210℃,反应时间8h的较佳反应条件下,PET醇解率为100%,产物DBTP和乙二醇(EG)收率分别为97.5%和98.2%.同传统催化剂相比,离子液体催化剂的催化性能更高,且重复使用7次其催化性能未见明显降低.傅里叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)分析表明:PET醇解过程由链内酯键断裂和链末端酯键断裂协同完成.     

动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材检验分析

6005A铝合金大截面复杂制品作为轨道车体的边梁或枕梁,对轨道车体的整体起连接和承重作用,是动车组车体的关键部位。采用电子万能试验机、铝型材压力试验机、光学显微镜等研究了速度达400 km·h^-1动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材的强度、显微组织和断口形貌等,旨在为动车组用铝挤压型材产品检验和工艺制度制定提供技术支持与指导。     

特异性抗体和特异性免疫复合物的检测对结核病的诊断意义

以ＥＬＩＳＡ检测１０８例活动性肺结核、３９例稳定期肺结核、３０例肿瘤、１０１例非结核性肺部疾病患者及２０２例正常人血清的抗结核菌纯蛋白衍生物（ＰＰＤ）ＩｇＧ抗体（简称抗－ＰＰＤ）和循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）中的抗－ＰＰＤＩｇＧ抗体（简称ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ）。结果表明，活动性肺结核患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ水平明显高于正常人和各疾病组患者的水平（Ｐ＜０．００１），但与其病变范围无关。单一测定活动性肺结核患者的抗－ＰＰＤ，敏感性为８５．２％，特异性为９８．５％；测定ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ，敏感性为８６．１％．特异性９６．９％。以两者任一项阳性作为诊断活动性肺结核的标准，则敏感性为９３．５％。此外，对１１例活动性肺结核患者的动态观察表明，随着治疗天数的增加和临床症状的改善，患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ水平会逐渐降低，前者于治疗后第２０～２４周降至正常水平，后者则于治疗后第１２～１６周降至正常值。研究结果提示测定患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ的水平，可用于结核病诊断，对结核病的疗效判定亦有帮助。     

黑龙江垦区粮食产量影响因素研究

利用2003—2012年黑龙江垦区统计年鉴的粮食生产统计数据,选取9个对粮食生产影响比较密切的指标进行实证分析,运用灰色关联法对影响粮食生产因素进行关联度大小计算,研究了影响黑龙江垦区粮食生产的关键因素并进行了关联分析,为政府部门提供政策参考.     

天然模板法多孔TiO2遗态材料的制备及其光催化性能

为确定酸碱预处理及浸渍时间的长短对遗态材料光催化性能的影响,以稻壳为模板,采用一种简便的天然模板法合成了具有生物形态的TiO_2遗态材料,使用XRD,SEM,TEM,BET对材料的组成及形貌进行了表征,并对其进行了光催化性能测试。结果表明:用质量分数0.01的盐酸进行预处理,浸渍时间为1 h,煅烧温度为500℃,所制备的遗态TiO_2比表面积达到345.7 m~2·g~(-1),光催化性能最佳,对亚甲基的光催化降解率可高达93%以上。     

Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years

High-resolution speleothem records from China have provided insights into the factors that control the strength of the East Asian monsoon. Our understanding of these factors remains incomplete, however, owing to gaps in the record of monsoon history over the past two interglacial-glacial cycles. In particular, missing sections have hampered our ability to test ideas about orbital-scale controls on the monsoon, the causes of millennial-scale events and relationships between changes in the monsoon and climate in other regions. Here we present an absolute-dated oxygen isotope record from Sanbao cave, central China, that completes a Chinese-cave-based record of the strength of the East Asian monsoon that covers the past 224,000 years. The record is dominated by 23,000-year-long cycles that are synchronous within dating errors with summer insolation at 65 degrees N (ref. 10), supporting the idea that tropical/subtropical monsoons respond dominantly and directly to changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation on orbital timescales. The cycles are punctuated by millennial-scale strong-summer-monsoon events (Chinese interstadials), and the new record allows us to identify the complete series of these events over the past two interglacial-glacial cycles. Their duration decreases and their frequency increases during glacial build-up in both the last and penultimate glacial periods, indicating that ice sheet size affects their character and pacing. The ages of the events are exceptionally well constrained and may thus serve as benchmarks for correlating and calibrating climate records.     

陆面岩石中生成的同位素10Be与26Al的实验室提取方法

宇生核素的样品采集需要考虑侵蚀速率,海拔高度,纬度,深度等因素,对于沉积地区的样品采集必须同时取表层样和埋藏样,并同时采集多个样品以减小随机性造成的误差;样品的处理采用离子交换法,是行之有效的方法,但需要有高纯度的石英,操作过程也必须谨慎,从而避免和消除污染,以提高宇生核素的提取率。     

基于GIS的澄江帽天山磷矿区环境信息系统设计

着重介绍了地理信息系统技术(G1S)在环境信息系统中应用的情况,以云南省澄江县帽天山磷矿区生态环境信息系统的设计为例,详细描述了综合利用GIS技术以及SQL Server数据库技术,根据区域生态环境的特点,运用生态环境及相关经济社会资料,探讨一个高精确度、动态更新、支持决策和分析预测的磷矿区生态环境信息系统的设计。     

一种新犹豫模糊符号距离及其应用

研究了属性权重部分已知的犹豫模糊多属性决策问题.针对犹豫模糊元中为便于计算添加的多余数值影响方案排序等问题,提出一种新的犹豫模糊决策方法.首先,提出一种新的犹豫模糊元得分函数与犹豫度.基于此,构造一种新的犹豫模糊符号距离,对犹豫模糊元中添加的多余数值具有很好的鲁棒性.其次,基于max-min算子思想,建立属性权重优化模型.最后,将新的犹豫模糊符号距离应用于求解多属性决策问题中,并通过算例说明所提方法的可行性与有效性.     

A dual-kinase mechanism for Wnt co-receptor phosphorylation and activation

Signalling by the Wnt family of secreted lipoproteins has essential functions in development and disease. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway requires a single-span transmembrane receptor, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), whose phosphorylation at multiple PPPSP motifs is induced upon stimulation by Wnt and is critical for signal transduction. The kinase responsible for LRP6 phosphorylation has not been identified. Here we provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a 'dual-kinase' mechanism for LRP6 phosphorylation and activation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is known for its inhibitory role in Wnt signalling through the promotion of beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, mediates the phosphorylation and activation of LRP6. We show that Wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of LRP6 by GSK3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of LRP6 with the scaffolding protein Axin. We show further that a membrane-associated form of GSK3, in contrast with cytosolic GSK3, stimulates Wnt signalling and Xenopus axis duplication. Our results identify two key kinases mediating Wnt co-receptor activation, reveal an unexpected and intricate logic of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, and illustrate GSK3 as a genuine switch that dictates both on and off states of a pivotal regulatory pathway.