Iron-catalyzed benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by simple toluene derivatives

An iron-catalyzed oxidative C-C bond formation by the reactions of simple toluene derivatives with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is developed.A benzylic radical addition to a benzoylmethanato iron species is proposed for the transformation.     

风浪条件下太湖藻源性“湖泛”的消退及其水体恢复进程

"湖泛"发生后的稳定持续时间是决定其致灾程度的主要指标,风浪的复氧是破坏其稳定性的主要因素.本文采用室内装置模拟、视觉比较和氧化还原条件分析等方法,研究了不同风浪作用下藻源性"湖泛"的稳定性及水体中主要特征参数恢复过程.结果显示:静风对照下,"湖泛"水体黑色在实验过程中始终未消失,水体DO含量保持在约1.5mg/L以下;小风(～2m/s)和中风(～4m/s)下,"湖泛"大约可持续2d左右,"湖泛"消失时的DO含量约6mg/L;大风(～8m/s)下,仅需要14h就可使"湖泛"黑臭完全消失.并且发现,在"湖泛"消失后,保持原来的风速下至144h,没有再出现黑臭的回复;水体溶解性营养物(NH4+和PO43)含量的降低随风浪大小有明显的响应关系.研究结果为藻源性"湖泛"的应急治理提供了决策依据.     

Distribution of sand dunes and sand shifts along the southern fringe of the Mu Us Desert since the Ming Dynasty

This article takes the two segments of the Ming Great Walls, Dabian and Erbian, and their associated barracks and forts as geographical references. Based on a detailed scrutiny of historical records of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and on field surveys, the southern boundaries of the sand dunes and sand shifts of the Mu Us Desert in the Ming and Qing dynasties are carefully reconstructed. A comparison of the southern boundaries of the sand dunes and sand shifts of the Mu Us Desert in Ming and Qing with the modern boundary revealed in remote sensing imagery clearly shows that the southern boundary of dunes and shifts in the Mu us Desert has expanded only in a few areas and on a small scale. In the area to the south of Changle Fort, along the direction of annually prevailing winds, sand drifts have penetrated through the Jialu River valley into the loess region and have formed a sand strip of 32 km long and 3 km wide. To the east of Qingping Fort, sand drifts penetrated toward the eastern loess region through the Luhe River valley and have formed another sand strip of 8 km long and 2 km wide. Generally speaking, though the intensity of human activity has been increasing in this area since the Ming Dynasty, the Mu Us Desert has not significantly expanded toward the southeast or southwest. The sand-loess boundary in the southern fringe of the Mu Us Desert has been almost unchanged since the Ming Dynasty.     

离子存储、冷却及在量子频标中的应用

首先回顾了量子频标中离子存储和冷却的基本原理,介绍了用分子动力学计算得到的十二极阱中离子的分布和加热速率的结果.然后在此结果基础上,计算了十二极阱射频加热效应和离子微运动对频标造成的影响.相比传统的四极阱,一方面十二极阱可以降低离子云的加热速率,有利于利用Ramsey脉冲进一步压窄离子谱线线宽;另外,十二极阱内势场中部平坦边缘陡峭,可有效降低离子微运动带来的二级多普勒效应,有利于提高离子频标的准确度和稳定性.该文还介绍了美国JPL实验室高稳定性、高准确度、199Hg+离子钟的工作,以及我们正在开展的基于多极阱中激光冷却的113Cd+离子的高稳定性量子频标的工作.