Observation of conformation-specific pathways in the photodissociation of 1-iodopropane ions.

Many molecules can rotate freely around single bonds and thereby interconvert between different conformations, such as gauche and anti 1,2-disubstituted ethane, a classic example of conformational isomerism. Even though rotation occurs rapidly at room temperature, the product selectivity seen in some reactions has been explained by conformation-dependent reaction mechanisms: if reactant molecules differing only in their conformation are located at different positions on the reaction path, they may undergo different reactions. But a direct verification of this effect is difficult, because the energy barrier separating conformational isomers is so low that under ambient conditions reactants with more than one conformation will be present. But by using temperatures low enough to suppress the interconversion between different conformations, gauche-1-iodopropane ions and anti-1-iodopropane ions have been selectively generated. Here we show that the kinetic energy released during the photodissociation of 1-iodopropane ions depends strongly on the conformation of the ions. Thermodynamic arguments and ab initio calculations indicate that this difference in kinetic energy release results from differences in the reaction mechanism, with gauche-1-iodopropane ions forming 2-propyl ions and anti-1-iodopropane ions forming protonated cyclopropane ions. These findings suggest that the well-known concept of conformation selection forms the basis of a simple scheme for reaction control, thus providing in some cases an attractive alternative for more involved schemes that utilize the phase and pulse shape of laser beams to control chemical reactions.     

基于RBF网络的增量学习

提出了一种基于径向网络的增量学习算法 ,在对新样本进行学习时 ,通过恢复受干扰样本的方式来尽可能保持已有的知识不变 .模拟实验证明了本算法的正确性和有效性 .     

基于广义RoI的遥感图像压缩

针对已有的基于RoI的图像压缩方法的不足，提出在初步分割出目标后，进一步在目标的语义方面进行改善，不仅保留对视觉有重要作用的边缘信息，而且基于图像的内容以及目标的语义，保留与目标相关的区域信息．并把这部分区域与已分割出的目标构成广义ROI，最后，对广义的ROI和背景分别用不同的压缩方法进行压缩．对广义ROI采用无损压缩以保留区域信息，对其余部分采用有损压缩以保留边缘信息．实验证明本文方法允许目标近无损分割，并能在不降低压缩比的前提下增强对重建目标的理解．     

光周期条件对罗氏沼虾幼体存活率及体长生长率的影响

用４Ｌ：２０Ｄ、８Ｌ；１６Ｄ；１２Ｌ；１２Ｄ和２４Ｌ：０Ｄ四种光周期条件培养罗氏沼虾骚状幼体，观察其存活率和生长、发育情况。研究结果表明，随着光照时间的延长，特别是在连续照明的条件下，与最短的光照条件相比，幼体的存活率及体长生长率分别提高１５７．７％和２．２％ｄ，而育成Ｐ１的时间却相应缩短了１０ｄ。     

毛乌素沙地牧草防护林小气候效应的研究

采用自动气象观测系统于2004年4—8月对内蒙古毛乌素沙地新疆杨牧草防护林内风速(V)、净辐射(Rn)、空气温度(Ta)及相对湿度(RH)等小气候要素进行多点连续观测和分析,以期为毛乌素沙地牧草防护林的构建提供一些理论依据.研究结果表明,随着测点与林带距离的增加,防护林内风速和空气温度呈现"倒抛物线"型变化趋势,净辐射和空气相对湿度呈现"抛物线"型变化趋势.与旷野相比,防护林内平均风速降低了12.19%,且越是大风天气,林带的防风效应越明显,净辐射减少了28.25%,空气温度增加了4%,空气湿度增加了7.81%.     

悬浮隧道管体运动对锚索涡激振动的影响规律

根据锚索式悬浮隧道的运动特性,假设锚索是两端铰接的非线性梁模型,并将管体运动简化为两自由度的质点运动,将其视作一种参数激励。考虑锚索长期处于海流环境下,其顺流向涡激力和管体横荡运动方向一致,锚索的运动响应可能会产生明显变化。建立锚索的非线性顺流向涡激振动方程,并通过Galerkin方法和Runge-Kutta方法对该方程进行求解,选取典型悬浮隧道的结构进行数值分析,结果表明：在锚索前三阶模态中,相比于一阶模态幅值,二阶和三阶模态幅值是一个很小的量,可以忽略不计;参数激励可以使锚索更快进入稳定状态,且对振动幅值的增加有显著影响;参数激励对顺流向涡激振动的影响程度与锚索顶端的端部激励幅值和频率有关。     

超稠油直井—水平井组合开发蒸汽腔演变规律研究

稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开发中后期,转换开发方式是提高采收率的重要方法之一,F油田依据现有井网条件进行综合调整,借鉴其他油田成功经验,将直井与水平井组合驱泄复合(vertical well and horizontal well combined flooding and drainage, VHSD)开发成为吞吐后期接替有效开发的主要方式。利用数值模拟技术,开展VHSD开发蒸汽腔发育规律研究,跟踪流体流动轨迹,剖析剩余油变化规律。结果表明：多轮次蒸汽吞吐建立注采井间水动力连通时,油层的动用情况决定了蒸汽腔的初始形态,随着蒸汽持续注入,蒸汽腔经历了形成、横向扩展、向下扩展三个阶段,各阶段蒸汽腔扩展方向不同,对应着不同的剩余油分布规律和生产特征变化,其中蒸汽腔横向扩展阶段为主要产油期,阶段产出程度达28.8%,油藏最终采收率可达58.3%。     

低信噪比实孔径雷达机场目标图像匹配算法

提出了一种适用于低信噪比条件下的实孔径雷达机场目标图像匹配定位算法.通过对实孔径雷达图像中机场目标的检测识别,实现匹配定位.算法包括机场跑道检测及跑道端点定位两个阶段,分别采用了线特征滤波技术及目标背景的对比度信息.首先通过线特征滤波预处理和投影变换检测机场跑道所在的直线,然后利用机场在实孔径雷达图中的结构特征,根据机场及周围背景的对比度来定位跑道端点.实验结果表明:在成像条件较差的情况下,该算法仍能保证较高的匹配定位准确度.     

基于度信息的图像过渡区提取与分割

提出一种基于度信息的图像过渡区提取与分割算法．将一幅图像映射为带权无向图,权函数定义为节点之间的相似度,由于目标内部与背景内部的像素同质性好,相似度大,因此度值较大,而边缘像素的度值就小,由此提取过渡区并进行图像分割．实验结果表明,本方法能够稳定地提取过渡区,且处理速度明显优于原有的过渡区提取方法。     

Vegetation and climate changes during the last 8660 cal. a BP in central Mongolia, based on a high-resolution pollen record from Lake Ugii Nuur

Based on modern pollen studies and reliable chronology of nine AMS 14C dates, a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes during the past 8660 cal. a BP was reconstructed by a high-resolution pollen record from Ugii Nuur in central Mongolia. Poaceae-steppe dominated the study area and the climate was mild and semi-humid before 7800 cal. a BP with a noticeable cool and humid interval at 8350―8250 cal. a BP. Xerophytic plant increased and the climate became warm and dry gradually since 7800 cal. a BP...