Self-interstitials generated on silicon bulk surface

Pentacene for p-channel organic field effect transistors(OTFTs) and perfluoropentacene for n-channel OTFTs have attracted strong attentions to be used as CMOS type organic semiconductor materials for flexible organic displays.n-channel OTFTs with different gate insulators of polyimide(PI) and SiO_2 and perfluoropentacene as a semiconductor layer were fabricated,and their instability of the transistor characteristics measured in air,vacuum and oxygen was investigated.The results show that both of the tran...     

松材线虫的表被层蛋白

线虫表被层在寄主寄生者互作中起着多种关键作用。几种凝集素在不同虫龄的表被层中的结合能力测定证明,麦胚凝集素(WGA)仅结合到3龄繁殖幼虫及卵壳表面,但这种结合经常发生在毒性松材线虫分离物中,而不是低毒松材线虫分离物的表被层。卵壳表面WGA的结合最强。WGA经常结合到线虫表被层上。表被层蛋白提取物的分析显示其碳氢化合物及蛋白质谱随线虫发育和对松树寄主的入侵而变化。研究结果表明,松材线虫的表被层蛋白在松树寄主和线虫间的互作中起着重要作用。     

Properties of garnet-type Li6La3ZrTaO12 solid electrolyte films fabricated by aerosol deposition method

The garnet-type Li_6La_3ZrTaO_(12)(LLZT) solid electrolyte films were fabricated by aerosol deposition(AD)method.Ball-milled LLZT powder with a cubic garnet structure and a particle size of 1-2 urn was used as raw material and deposited directly on a SUS316L or a glass substrate via impact consolidation.As-deposited LLZT film has a cubic garnet structure but contains Li_2CO_3 and La_2Zr_2O_7 phases.SEM observation revealed that the film consists of LLZT particles fractured into submicron size.The impurity phase formation during AD process was caused by the local heating by the collision between LLZT particles and deposition surface and reaction with CO_2.The Li~+ ion conductivity of LLZT film was estimated to be 0.24 × 10~(-5)S cm~(-1) at room temperature.Electronic conductivity of LLZT film was confirmed to be around 10~(-12) S cm~(-1),indicating the dominant Li~+ ion conduction of LLZT film.     

Permanent El Niño during the Pliocene warm period not supported by coral evidence

The El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system during the Pliocene warm period (PWP; 3-5 million years ago) may have existed in a permanent El Ni?o state with a sharply reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This suggests that during the PWP, when global mean temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were similar to those projected for near-term climate change, ENSO variability--and related global climate teleconnections-could have been radically different from that today. Yet, owing to a lack of observational evidence on seasonal and interannual SST variability from crucial low-latitude sites, this fundamental climate characteristic of the PWP remains controversial. Here we show that permanent El Ni?o conditions did not exist during the PWP. Our spectral analysis of the δ(18)O SST and salinity proxy, extracted from two 35-year, monthly resolved PWP Porites corals in the Philippines, reveals variability that is similar to present ENSO variation. Although our fossil corals cannot be directly compared with modern ENSO records, two lines of evidence suggest that Philippine corals are appropriate ENSO proxies. First, δ(18)O anomalies from a nearby live Porites coral are correlated with modern records of ENSO variability. Second, negative-δ(18)O events in the fossil corals closely resemble the decreases in δ(18)O seen in the live coral during El Ni?o events. Prior research advocating a permanent El Ni?o state may have been limited by the coarse resolution of many SST proxies, whereas our coral-based analysis identifies climate variability at the temporal scale required to resolve ENSO structure firmly.     

Progress in reducing AC magnetization losses of Bi2223/Ag tapes by introducing interfilamentary oxide barriers

This paper presents our recent progress for the development of low-loss Bi2223/Ag tapes with interfilamentary oxide barriers. For the compatibility with Bi2223 superconductors, SrZrO3 was selected as barrier material. Moreover, small amount of Bi2212 was mixed with SrZrO3 to improve its ductility for cold working. By controlling the thickness of barrier layers among the filaments, reducing the tape wi dth (<3 mm) and twisting the filaments tightly (<5 mm in twist pitch lengths), coupling frequency fc exceeded 250 Hz even in an AC perpendicular field at 77 K. Transport Jc of the barrier tapes with tightly twisted filaments was in the range of 12 ? 15 kA/cm² at 77 K and self-field. At 50 mT and 50 Hz, the twisted barrier tapes showed 60% ? 70% lower perpendicular field losses than the conventional 4 mm-widt h tape with fully coupled filaments.     

Mutations in EFHC1 cause juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most frequent cause of hereditary grand mal seizures. We previously mapped and narrowed a region associated with JME on chromosome 6p12-p11 (EJM1). Here, we describe a new gene in this region, EFHC1, which encodes a protein with an EF-hand motif. Mutation analyses identified five missense mutations in EFHC1 that cosegregated with epilepsy or EEG polyspike wave in affected members of six unrelated families with JME and did not occur in 382 control individuals. Overexpression of EFHC1 in mouse hippocampal primary culture neurons induced apoptosis that was significantly lowered by the mutations. Apoptosis was specifically suppressed by SNX-482, an antagonist of R-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)2.3). EFHC1 and Ca(v)2.3 immunomaterials overlapped in mouse brain, and EFHC1 coimmunoprecipitated with the Ca(v)2.3 C terminus. In patch-clamp analysis, EFHC1 specifically increased R-type Ca(2+) currents that were reversed by the mutations associated with JME.