辽西建昌玲珑塔地区侏罗纪地层的离子探针锆石U-Pb定年:对最古老带羽毛恐龙的年代制约

辽西建昌玲珑塔地区髫髻山组火山-沉积岩地层中富含燕辽生物群(又称道虎沟生物群)的重要化石,并记录了若干重要的生物演化事件,特别是对研究鸟类的起源以及最早鸟类和恐龙祖先的分化均具有关键的意义,因而其地层时代问题备受关注.本文对建昌玲珑塔大西山含化石沉积层中的3个凝灰岩样品进行了详细的SIMS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了160.7±1.7,159.5±2.3和158.9±1.7Ma的年龄结果.根据近年广泛使用的地质年表GTS2004和新近修订的地质年表GTS2012,由侏罗兽和近鸟龙等构成的燕辽生物群生存于晚侏罗世早期,从而为最早哺乳动物和最早带毛恐龙的出现年代提供了确凿的同位素年代学证据.     

Destruction geodynamics of the North China craton and its Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics

Much attention has been paid in the last two decades to the physical and chemical processes as well as temporal-spatial variations of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. In order to provide insights into the geodynamics of this variation, it is necessary to thoroughly study the state and structure of the lithospheric crust and mantle of the North China Craton and its adjacent regions as an integrated unit. Based on the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle constrained from seismological studies, this paper presents various available geophysical results regarding the lithosphere thickness, the nature of crust-mantle boundary, the upper mantle structure and deformation characteristics as well as their tectonic features and evolution systematics. Combined with the obtained data from petrology and geochemistry, a mantle flow model is proposed for the tectonic evolution of the North China Craton during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. We suggest that subduction of the Pacific plate made the mantle underneath the eastern Asian continent unstable and able to flow faster. Such a regional mantle flow system would cause an elevation of melt/fluid content in the upper mantle of the North China Craton and the lithospheric softening, which, subsequently resulted in destruction of the North China Craton in different ways of delamination and thermal erosion in Yanshan, Taihang Mountains and the Tan-Lu Fault zone. Multiple lines of evidence recorded in the crust of the North China Craton, such as the amalgamation of the Archean eastern and western blocks, the subduction of Paleo-oceanic crust and Paleo-continental residue, indicate that the Earth in the Paleoproterozoic had already evolved into the plate tectonic system similar to the present plate tectonics.     

生物地球物理学的产生与研究进展

地球庞大的生物群落广泛地参与了岩石圈浅层、水圈和大气圈的物理和化学性质的改造过程. 认识生物圈及其与其他各圈层相互作用, 具有重要的地球系统科学意义.近年来, 随着生物地球科学的发展, 地球物理学方法和技术开始被应用于地质微生物改造作用、地球物理场对生物的影响等研究, 从而产生了生物地球物理学这一新的分支交叉学科. 本文评述了生物地球物理学的产生和一些最新研究进展, 旨在促进生物地球科学的发展与深化.     

The application of large volume airgun sources to the onshore-offshore seismic surveys： implication of the experimental results in northern South China Sea

Onshore-offshore seismic experiments were carried out for the first time in northern South China Sea using large volume airgun sources at sea and seismic stations on land. The experimental results indicate that seismic signals from the new airgun array of R/V Shiyan 2 can be detected as far as 255 km. The signal effective area reaches nearly 50000 km2, which covers Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta. Compared with the old airgun array, the signal amplitude, propagation distance and effective area of the new airgun array have been increased notably, which demonstrates that the upgrade of the airgun source was successful. Comparisons with previous experimental results in other regions show that the shooting effect of the new airgun array is similar to those best airgun sources in the world. Especially, it is a new breakthrough in using the permanent seismic stations onshore to record long distance airgun signals offshore, which has great significance to the realization of the "seismic radar" concept and the 3D seismic surveys of crustal structure in coastal areas.