两级复叠式低温预冷设备的(火用)分析

为了辅助某换热器的性能实验并深入研究低温制冷机的性能,自行设计并搭建了一个两级复叠式低温预冷实验台.该实验台在低温级循环中加了一个回热器和冷凝器,当高温级循环辅助启动后,低温级循环可通过自身回热而实现独立运行并达到-60 ℃的制冷温度.采用(火用)分析方法对系统进行了分析,计算了各部件及整个系统的(火用)损失和(火用)效率,结果表明:高温级各部件的(火用)损失大于低温级各部件的(火用)损失;高温级气体冷却器及低温级回热器的(火用)效率较低.     

Genetic variation in human NPY expression affects stress response and emotion

Understanding inter-individual differences in stress response requires the explanation of genetic influences at multiple phenotypic levels, including complex behaviours and the metabolic responses of brain regions to emotional stimuli. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is anxiolytic and its release is induced by stress. NPY is abundantly expressed in regions of the limbic system that are implicated in arousal and in the assignment of emotional valences to stimuli and memories. Here we show that haplotype-driven NPY expression predicts brain responses to emotional and stress challenges and also inversely correlates with trait anxiety. NPY haplotypes predicted levels of NPY messenger RNA in post-mortem brain and lymphoblasts, and levels of plasma NPY. Lower haplotype-driven NPY expression predicted higher emotion-induced activation of the amygdala, as well as diminished resiliency as assessed by pain/stress-induced activations of endogenous opioid neurotransmission in various brain regions. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs16147) located in the promoter region alters NPY expression in vitro and seems to account for more than half of the variation in expression in vivo. These convergent findings are consistent with the function of NPY as an anxiolytic peptide and help to explain inter-individual variation in resiliency to stress, a risk factor for many diseases.     

纵向排烟和高压细水雾耦合对隧道火灾的抑制作用

利用长宽高为6m×15m×2m的隧道模型,进行了纵向排烟和高压细水雾灭火实验.通过对火源附近各测点温度的测试,分析了不同工作压力高压细水雾对柴油池火的控制效果,以及纵向排烟和细水雾不同的开启时间对控火效果的影响.结果表明:对于油面尺寸为250mm×200mm的柴油池火,在没有纵向排烟情况下,6MPa细水雾就可以有效扑灭柴油池火;在纵向排烟和高压细水雾同时开启的情况下,15MPa细水雾的控火和灭火效果最好;在高压细水雾启动之前30s优先开启纵向排烟的话,可以达到很好的灭火效果.     

小尺度油罐沸溢火灾发生时间及沸溢特性

为了充分了解沸溢火灾特性,建立了小尺度油罐沸溢火灾特性实验平台,采用混合原油作为实验介质,研究了在水垫层存在的情况下沸溢火灾发生时间及不同参数下沸溢特性.结果表明,沸溢发生时间与参数Ho·D-05具有较好的线性关系,并给出了线性拟合公式.沸溢过程分为三个阶段:稳态燃烧阶段、沸溢前兆阶段以及沸溢阶段.详细探讨了三个阶段水层、油水界面、油层以及火焰的温度变化特性.所得结果为深入理解沸溢火灾机理,探索沸溢火灾防控技术提供指导.