A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

AR-Grams:一种应用于网络舆情热点发现的文本聚类方法

网络舆情热点发现是一种常用且处理速度要求较高的应用.针对网络舆情热点发现这一特殊应用场合,本文提出了一种基于随机N-Gram的文本聚类方法AR-Grams.该方法通过随机N-Gram的文本相似度计算方法,确立待聚类文档集中各个初始聚类的标志文档并完成初步的聚类操作,继而通过聚类元素数阈值来确定初始聚类,并可根据实际情况确定是否执行聚类合并.该方法生成的聚类内聚性好,准确率高.另外,为了便于评估整体的聚类效果,提出了聚类的整体覆盖率和正确覆盖率.实验结果表明:与对比方法DR-Grams相比,在低阈值时,AR-Grams的准确率、召回率、F-score、正确覆盖率分别提高了11.9％、9.1％、10.2％和9.2％,提升效果尤为明显;在高阈值时,效果基本相当;在整体上,前述4项指标则分别提高了4.5％、2.9％、3.5％和3.0％,优于对比方法DR-Grams.     

An Economic Model-Based Matching Approach Between Buyers and Sellers Through a Broker in an Open E-Marketplace

A broker in an open e-marketplace enables buyers and sellers to do business with each other. Although a broker plays an important role in e-marketplaces, theory and guidelines for matching between buyers and sellers in multi-attribute exchanges are limited. Therefore, a challenge for a broker’s responsibility is how to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree as its goals under the consideration of trade-off between a buyer’s buying quantity and price paid to a seller, and other attributes. To solve this challenge, this paper proposes an economic model-based matching approach between a buyer’s requirements and a seller’s offers. The major contributions of this paper are that (i) a broker can model a seller’s price policy as per a buyer’s buying quantity through communication between a broker and a seller; (ii) due to each buyer’s different quantity demand, a broker models a buyer’s satisfaction degree as per a buyer’s buying quantity based on communication between a broker and a buyer; and (iii) to carry out a broker’s matching processes, an objective function and a set of constraints are generated to help a broker to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach.     

基于社会资本视角的图书馆知识营销研究

社会资本对图书馆知识营销具有提供交易场域和情感支持、降低交易费用、提高抗风险能力、减少信息不对称等作用,但网络状况、信任程度、个体调用能力、社会结构稳定程度、意识形态类型、规范与惩罚程度等因素对资本积累具有重大的影响.从社会资本视角,探讨了社会资本理论在图书馆知识营销中的应用,并提出了应对各个影响因素的策略.     

火焰原子发射光谱法测定电解质饮料中钾钠的含量

建立了火焰原子发射光谱法测定电解质饮料中钾和钠含量的方法.钾、钠的方法检出限分别为0.004 22μg/m L和0.002 16μg/m L,钾、钠的加标回收率分别为91.1%~100.9%和93.0%~102.8%.该方法操作简单、快速、准确度高、重现性好、无需使用附加光源,测定结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法无显著性差异.     

Early SIV and HIV infection promotes the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs

Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) play a pivotal role in the early events that tip the immune response toward persistence or viral control. In vitro studies indicate that HIV infection induces the dysregulation of cDCs through binding of the LILRB2 inhibitory receptor to its MHC-I ligands and the strength of this interaction was proposed to drive disease progression. However, the dynamics of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs during early immune responses against HIV are yet unknown. Here, we show that early HIV-1 infection induces a strong and simultaneous increase of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression on the surface of blood cDCs. We further characterized the early dynamics of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression by showing that SIVmac251 infection of macaques promotes coordinated up-regulation of LILRB2 and MHC-I on cDCs and monocytes/macrophages, from blood and lymph nodes. Orientation towards the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis starts from the first days of infection and is transiently induced in the entire cDC population in acute phase. Analysis of the factors involved indicates that HIV-1 replication, TLR7/8 triggering, and treatment by IL-10 or type I IFNs increase LILRB2 expression. Finally, enhancement of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis is specific to HIV-1 and SIVmac251 infections, as expression of LILRB2 on cDCs decreased in naturally controlled chikungunya virus infection of macaques. Altogether, our data reveal a unique up-regulation of LILRB2 and its MHC-I ligands on cDCs in the early phase of SIV/HIV infection, which may account for immune dysregulation at a critical stage of the anti-viral response.     

工程弹性系统与系统弹性理论研究综述

工程弹性系统(engineered resilient system,ERS)是美国国防部(department of defense,DOD)应对越来越不确定的任务和环境而提出的未来国防系统发展战略,对复杂系统的工程实践与系统弹性理论都带来新的挑战。首先,对ERS提出的背景和相关概念进行介绍,重点对美国国防领域对ERS的一些观点进行分析,包括ERS的关键属性、弹性工程与现役系统关系、ERS设计中考虑的因素和ERS与系统工程的关系等,并对美国DOD优先立项的ERS项目研究进展进行了的研究。其次,对弹性相关的学术研究进行了述评,包括不同领域中弹性的概念、系统弹性不同的评价方法以及系统弹性设计方法,以便于对ERS的发展有一个较为全面的了解和借鉴。最后,在ERS发展研究基础上,从理论和应用角度对ERS和系统弹性理论面临的挑战进行了讨论。     

“零被引专利”就没有价值吗?——“零被引专利”在科学论文中的应用分析

 分析前人对零被引的研究成果发现，"零被引"的定义可能存在一定的局限，即只考察同类数据库中的引用情况。分析CSTPCD 2009-2012年的科技论文与引文发现，期刊论文引用了大量的技术专利。存在专利数据库中的"零被引专利"在科技论文中却有较高的引用次数。以其中1件"零被引专利"CN 01134280.3为例，从技术内容解读、10篇施引文献及其内容分析，展示了该项技术发明影响的研究主题，并通过文献调研解析了该项研究成果的工业化应用。基于钱学森的"基础科学-技术科学-工程科学"理论，探讨了使用较高科技论文引用次数的"零被引专利"及较高专利引用次数的"零被引论文"定量分析技术科学的可能性。