“相当弯矩法”计算梁(轴)变形的电算法

本文应用“相当弯矩法”对各种载荷作用下的变圆截面静定梁的变形(转角和挠度),用 BASIC 通用程序计算,得出小变形情况下的精确解,并绘制出大致的挠度曲线图.确定梁(轴)变形是工程中广泛存在的问题。建立通用程序既可快速、简便地解决工程实际问题,叉可以使“相当弯矩法”——优化的计算方法得到推广。     

干支流汇合处的二维河床变形数值模拟

为了做好汇流处的河道规划，定量地预测出汇流处的河床变形情况是很重要的．本文建立了一个既能处理干支流汇流，又能考虑泥沙粒度分布以及流线曲率的二维河床变形数学模型，并通过两个算例对汇流处的河床变形以及粒径分选情况进行了讨论．在算例1中，干支流的泥沙粒度分布被设定为相同，在算例2中，支流的泥沙被设定为比干流的细小，其平均粒径为干流的一半．计算结果表明，汇流处的冲淤情况两计算例子基本相同，受支流河床泥沙组成的影响不大，但汇流处的河床平均粒径，却深受支流来沙的影响，两算例差异较大．当支流泥沙细小时，受其直接流入影响，汇流处左岸未呈现出冲刷与河床粗化的对应关系．     

Ferroelectricity from iron valence ordering in the charge-frustrated system LuFe2O4

Ferroelectric materials are widely used in modern electric devices such as memory elements, filtering devices and high-performance insulators. Ferroelectric crystals have a spontaneous electric polarization arising from the coherent arrangement of electric dipoles (specifically, a polar displacement of anions and cations). First-principles calculations and electron density analysis of ferroelectric materials have revealed that the covalent bond between the anions and cations, or the orbital hybridization of electrons on both ions, plays a key role in establishing the dipolar arrangement. However, an alternative model-electronic ferroelectricity-has been proposed in which the electric dipole depends on electron correlations, rather than the covalency. This would offer the attractive possibility of ferroelectric materials that could be controlled by the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the electron. Here we report experimental evidence for ferroelectricity arising from electron correlations in the triangular mixed valence oxide, LuFe(2)O(4). Using resonant X-ray scattering measurements, we determine the ordering of the Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions. They form a superstructure that supports an electric polarization consisting of distributed electrons of polar symmetry. The polar ordering arises from the repulsive property of electrons-electron correlations-acting on a frustrated geometry.     

Conformational transition of Sec machinery inferred from bacterial SecYE structures

Over 30% of proteins are secreted across or integrated into membranes. Their newly synthesized forms contain either cleavable signal sequences or non-cleavable membrane anchor sequences, which direct them to the evolutionarily conserved Sec translocon (SecYEG in prokaryotes and Sec61, comprising alpha-, gamma- and beta-subunits, in eukaryotes). The translocon then functions as a protein-conducting channel. These processes of protein localization occur either at or after translation. In bacteria, the SecA ATPase drives post-translational translocation. The only high-resolution structure of a translocon available so far is that for SecYEbeta from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, which lacks SecA. Here we present the 3.2-A-resolution crystal structure of the SecYE translocon from a SecA-containing organism, Thermus thermophilus. The structure, solved as a complex with an anti-SecY Fab fragment, revealed a 'pre-open' state of SecYE, in which several transmembrane helices are shifted, as compared to the previous SecYEbeta structure, to create a hydrophobic crack open to the cytoplasm. Fab and SecA bind to a common site at the tip of the cytoplasmic domain of SecY. Molecular dynamics and disulphide mapping analyses suggest that the pre-open state might represent a SecYE conformational transition that is inducible by SecA binding. Moreover, we identified a SecA-SecYE interface that comprises SecA residues originally buried inside the protein, indicating that both the channel and the motor components of the Sec machinery undergo cooperative conformational changes on formation of the functional complex.     

落差工周边的水流模拟计算

为了维护和健全河流丰富的生态系,在河流中设置稳定河床作用的落差工时应注意尽可能的易于鱼类上下游动．目前,一种通过铺设坡道实现鱼道全面化的落差工正在日本受到关注,本论文为设计这种落差工。建立了一个应用MacCormack计算方法来预测其周边水流状况的模拟计算模型,并对两种形状的落差工进行水流模拟．计算结果表明：在落差工及其铺设的坡道的中央设有缺口的情况下,周边水流呈现显著的水流多样性,此外,其缺口确保了河流在平水时也能提供局部的所需水深,是一种比较适于鱼类上下游动的落差工。     

Frequent pathway mutations of splicing machinery in myelodysplasia

Myelodysplastic syndromes and related disorders (myelodysplasia) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms showing deregulated blood cell production with evidence of myeloid dysplasia and a predisposition to acute myeloid leukaemia, whose pathogenesis is only incompletely understood. Here we report whole-exome sequencing of 29 myelodysplasia specimens, which unexpectedly revealed novel pathway mutations involving multiple components of the RNA splicing machinery, including U2AF35, ZRSR2, SRSF2 and SF3B1. In a large series analysis, these splicing pathway mutations were frequent (～45 to ～85%) in, and highly specific to, myeloid neoplasms showing features of myelodysplasia. Conspicuously, most of the mutations, which occurred in a mutually exclusive manner, affected genes involved in the 3'-splice site recognition during pre-mRNA processing, inducing abnormal RNA splicing and compromised haematopoiesis. Our results provide the first evidence indicating that genetic alterations of the major splicing components could be involved in human pathogenesis, also implicating a novel therapeutic possibility for myelodysplasia.     

Common variants in DVWA on chromosome 3p24.3 are associated with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis

Susceptibility to osteoarthritis, the most common human arthritis, is known to be influenced by genetic factors. Through a genome-wide association study using approximately 100,000 SNPs, we have identified a previously unknown gene on chromosome 3p24.3, DVWA, which is associated with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis. Expressed specifically in cartilage, DVWA encodes a 276-amino-acid protein with two regions corresponding to the von Willebrand factor type A domain (VWA domain). Several DVWA SNPs are significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis in two independent Japanese case-control cohorts. This association was replicated in a Japanese population cohort and a Han Chinese case-control cohort (combined P = 7.3 x 10(-11)). DVWA protein binds to beta-tubulin, and the binding is influenced by two highly associated missense SNPs (rs11718863 and rs7639618) located in the VWA domain. The Tyr169-Cys260 isoform of DVWA, which is overrepresented in knee osteoarthritis, showed weaker interaction. Our findings reveal a new paradigm for study of osteoarthritis etiology and pathogenesis.