20~#钢的慢速率高温流变实验和模拟

碳钢种类繁多且广泛应用于建筑、汽车制造等领域.选择其中的20#低碳钢,利用Paterson高温高压流变仪在恒温条件下,完成了单阶恒应变速率和多阶突变应变速率两类轴向压缩实验.实验条件如下:温度700～900℃,围压100々300MPa,应变速率105～103s1测定了不同条件下变形过程中的应力-应变曲线,并进行了流变本构方程计算.结果显示流变本构方程中的参数对应变的函数依赖关系与快速变形时类似.由本构方程模拟计算所得的流变应力可以很好地拟合单阶恒应变速率实验;由于多阶突变应变速率实验受变形历史影响大,因此拟合精度较差但仍可接受.另外,研究表明,在慢速率变形时无论是低温的铁素体相还是高温的奥氏体相,20#钢的流变行为均可用相同的流变本构方程进行描述,但是相变区的流变行为则不同,需要对lnA的表达式稍作修正.     

Ultrasonic measurements of single-crystal gold under hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus

Ultrasonic measurements were conducted on single-crystal gold at ambient condition and hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa at room temperature in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. The P-wave velocities measured at high pressures were in good agreement with Daniels and Smith’s ultrasonic study. The three independent elastic constants of gold at ambient condition were determined to be C11=192.7 GPa, C12=162.9 GPa, and C44=42.4 GPa. On the basis of an analysis of previous elastic data and the present ultrasonic data, the pressure derivatives of three elastic constants were estimated to be C1 ′1= 7.12,C 1′2 = 6.24,and C4′4 = 1.82. The calculated values of isothermal bulk modulus (KT0) and its pressure derivatives ( KT ′0) are KT0 = 166.44 GPa and KT ′0= 6.56. This indicates that Anderson et al.’s model of equation of state of gold might underestimates pressure about 1 GPa at pressure around 23 GPa and ambient temperature. Our results explained the discrepancies among the models of equation of state of gold proposed previously.