海潭岛潮下带多毛类的分布

１９９０年５月至１９９１年２月在海潭岛潮下带采得１１４８号多毛类标本，经初步鉴定计有１３０种，隶属于３５科８６瞩，出现频率、生物量和栖息密度占优势的是双鳃内卷齿蚕、不倒翁虫、花冈钧毛虫、双形拟单指虫、独毛虫、短叶索沙蚕、锥唇吻沙蚕和大海蛹。多毛类区系组成特点以热带、亚热带种占优势，年平均生物量为２．１３ｇ／ｍ￣２，年平均密度为１３６个／ｍ￣２。多毛类的分布取决于许多因素，底质、盐度是制约水平分布的主要因素，温度和水动力扰动也有重要的作用．     

控冷工艺及奥氏体化温度对C92DA钢组织性能的影响

对C92DA帘线钢进行连续冷却转变曲线测定,观测其热处理后的室温相组织和维氏硬度,研究控冷工艺及奥氏体化温度对C92DA钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,使C92DA钢获得最佳组织性能的控冷速率为10℃/s,奥氏体化温度为900℃;C92DA钢珠光体转变温度随冷却速率增大而降低,转变时间随冷却速率增大而缩短;C92DA钢珠光体片层间距随冷却速率增大而减小,片层排列方向趋于紊乱。     

基于ROAMP-Net的大规模MIMO系统智能信号检测方法

针对大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)系统存在的信号检测计算复杂度高、检测精度不足等问题,参考OAMP-Net算法思想,引入残差结构,提出了一种新的智能信号检测网络模型ROAMP-Net。将正交近似消息传递(orthogonal approximate message passing,OAMP)估算信号的迭代过程展开为深度学习网络,同时引入残差结构,分别对各网络层的线性和非线性估计值进行逐层修正,有效防止估计误差的前向传播和过程积累,避免网络模型随着网络层数增加而发生性能退化,从而提高最终信号检测的准确度。针对不同调制方式和不同天线阵列的系列仿真实验结果表明,不同调制方式和天线阵列下ROAMP-Net在检测准确度上均有不错的性能表现。     

土石围堰边坡稳定的多因素综合风险分析

土石围堰边坡稳定受堰体土石料力学性质、施工洪水及导流建筑物泄流能力等多种不确定性因素影响,为进行更全面、准确的风险估计,综合考虑水文、水力和土石料力学参数的随机性,在分析相关参数的分布形式和统计特征值的基础上,通过Monte．Carlo方法耦合仿真分析堰前水位分布和围堰边坡稳定性,建立土石围堰边坡稳定多因素综合风险计算模型,统计分析度汛期间土石围堰边坡稳定综合风险．实例分析表明,该模型计算的围堰边坡稳定综合风险率小于仅考虑单个随机因素的边坡稳定风险率,更准确地反映了实际工程土石围堰边坡稳定状态．     

Big Earth Data from space: a new engine for Earth science

Big data is a strategic highland in the era of knowledge-driven economies, and it is also a new type of strategic resource for all nations. Big data collected from space for Earth observation—so-called Big Earth Data—is creating new opportunities for the Earth sciences and revolutionizing the innovation of methodologies and thought patterns. It has potential to advance in-depth development of Earth sciences and bring more exciting scientific discoveries. The Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Forum on Frontiers of Science and Technology for Big Earth Data from Space was held in Beijing in June of 2015. The forum analyzed the development of Earth observation technology and big data, explored the concepts and scientific connotations of Big Earth Data from space, discussed the correlation between Big Earth Data and Digital Earth, and dissected the potential of Big Earth Data from space to promote scientific discovery in the Earth sciences, especially concerning global changes.     

基于汇集预测的随机客户需求配送车辆调度问题

针对物流配送过程中客户需求随机出现的车辆调度问题，结合客户随机需求信息和经验数据，运用汇集预测方法，生成合理的虚拟客户出现的概率及其位置和需求量；在分析客户不满意度函数的基础上，综合考虑配送车辆调度方案的经济性和客户满意度两方面因素，提出了加权广义配送总费用最小化目标；依照车辆先真实后虚拟客户配送的原则，建立了配送车辆调度模型，设计了与局部搜索相结合的改进遗传算法。Solomon标准测试算例验证了模型与算法的有效性与适用性，结果表明，相比于现有的其他方法，本文方法制定的配送车辆调度方案不仅能有效降低物流企业的总配送成本，而且能快速响应客户需求，提高客户满意度和服务水平。     

基于四元数的MARG传感器姿态测量算法

陀螺仪的漂移、载体的线性加速度和周围局部磁场的干扰是制约MARG传感器姿态测量精度的主要问题,传统的方法利用滤波算法和零速修正技术来减小姿态测量误差。该文基于已有的惯性测量单元,设计了一个基于四元数的扩展Kalman滤波器,通过建立MARG传感器模型,引入传感器偏差补偿和自适应的测量噪声协方差矩阵构造方法来提高姿态测量精度,减小载体线性加速度和周围局部磁场的干扰,实现三自由度的姿态测量。基于惯性测量单元(IMU)的实验结果表明了本文所提算法能显著提高姿态测量精度。     

Change of bacterial community in the Malan Ice Core and its relation to climate and environment

In order to understand the relationship between the community structure of bacteria in ice core and the past climate and environment, we initiated the study on the microorganisms in the three selected ice samples from the Malan ice core drilled from the Tibetan Plateau. The 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) molecules were directly amplified from the melt water samples, and three 16S rDNA clone libraries were established. Among 94 positive clones, eleven clones with unique restriction pattern were used for partial sequence and compared with eight reported sequences from the same ice core. The phylotypes were divided into 5 groups: alpha, beta, gamma proteobacteria; CFB, and other eubacteria group. Among them, there were many “typical Malan glacial bacteria“ pertaining to psychrophilies and new bacteria found in the ice core. At a longer time scale, the concentration distribution of “typical Malan glacial bacteria“ with depth showed negative correlation with temperature variations and was coincident with dirty layer. It implied the influence of temperature on the microbial record through impact on the concentrations of the “typical Malan glacial bacteria“. In addition, the nutrition contained in ice was another important factor controlling the distribution of microbial population in ice core section. Moreover, the result displayed an apparent layer distribution of bacterial community in the ice core section, which reflected the microbial response to the past climatic and environmental conditions at the time of deposition.     

聚丙烯单丝增强石膏基复合材料力学性能的研究

采用较粗的聚丙烯(PP)单丝作为石膏材料的增强材料,通过抗折和抗压实验研究了单丝长度、掺量对PP单丝/石膏复合材料抗折和抗压强度的影响.抗折实验结果表明:PP单丝的掺入有利于提高复合材料的抗折强度,当掺量小于1%时,复合材料抗折强度随掺量增加而变大,当掺量为2%时复合材料抗折强度呈下降趋势;掺量相同的情况下,单丝长度越长增强效果越好,15 mm的PP单丝掺量为1%的试样抗折强度最高较空白样提高了26%;折断后试样断口中PP单丝呈拔出状,表明PP单丝与石膏材料的结合较弱.抗压实验结果表明:PP单丝的掺入降低了复合材料的抗压强度,抗压强度随掺入量增加而减小,15 mm的PP单丝掺量为2%的试样抗压强度最小较空白样减少了9.6%.     

络合试剂对溶胶凝胶燃烧法合成LaCoO3的物化性能及对VOCs催化净化效果的影响

分别以甘氨酸、柠檬酸和丙烯酰胺辅助柠檬酸为络合试剂,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧法合成LaCoO_3复合氧化物,并对它们进行XRD、BET、SEM及O_2-TPD分析.实验结果表明,三种络合剂制备得到的产物均为纯钙钛矿LaCoO_3相;丙烯酰胺辅助柠檬酸溶胶凝胶燃烧法制得的LaCoO_3颗粒均匀且较小,比表面积最大,其O_2-TPD曲线中的峰面积最大,对苯完全催化氧化效果最好.