Recognition of haemagglutinins on virus-infected cells by NKp46 activates lysis by human NK cells

Natural killer (NK) cells destroy virus-infected and tumour cells, apparently without the need for previous antigen stimulation. In part, target cells are recognized by their diminished expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which normally interact with inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface. NK cells also express triggering receptors that are specific for non-MHC ligands; but the nature of the ligands recognized on target cells is undefined. NKp46 is thought to be the main activating receptor for human NK cells. Here we show that a soluble NKp46-immunoglobulin fusion protein binds to both the haemagglutinin of influenza virus and the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of parainfluenza virus. In a substantial subset of NK cells, recognition by NKp46 is required to lyse cells expressing the corresponding viral glycoproteins. The binding requires the sialylation of NKp46 oligosaccharides, which is consistent with the known sialic binding capacity of the viral glycoproteins. These findings indicate how NKp46-expressing NK cells may recognize target cells infected by influenza or parainfluenza without the decreased expression of target-cell MHC class I protein.     

数控加工干涉检验的新算法

提出一种干涉检验的新算法--点到曲面距离法.通过计算刀盘上刀尖轨迹圆上的任一点到理论曲面的距离来检验刀具与被加工曲面是否存在干涉且计算出干涉量的值,大大提高了计算效率.     

川东北地区须三段钙屑砂岩储层特征及控制因素

近两年川东北地区西北部多口井须家河组三段钙屑砂岩测试段获工业气流,表明了研究区储层的含气性及局
部具备油气富集高产的地质条件。通过储层岩性类型、储集空间、物性、电性等特征进行综合分析,得出结论为：主要
储层岩性类型为钙屑砂岩,常伴有微裂缝;储集空间类型多样,主要为残余原生粒间孔、次生溶蚀孔和裂缝;储层表现
为低孔、低渗特征;储层电阻率高,主要原因是碳酸盐岩含量高;储层测井响应为“三低、一高、一降低”,即伽马低值、
声波低值,中子低值,电阻率高值,在高阻的背景下深浅电阻率有所降低。研究区优质钙屑砂岩储层受储集层发育的
有利沉积微相、溶蚀作用、构造裂缝以及一定的储层厚度等综合因素控制。辫状河道、水下分流河道沉积为储层最有
利的沉积相带;在成岩过程发生的溶蚀作用和多期次的断裂影响下形成的构造裂缝都极大地改善了储层的渗透性;一
定厚度的储层改善了裂缝的连通系统。     

利用弹性参数识别气、水层

摘要：对于复杂孔隙结构储层而言,孔隙结构对电阻率的影响程度可能远大于流体类型对电阻率的影响,这就使得气、水层的电阻率特征差别不明显,利用电阻率不能有效区别气、水层。基于孔隙中天然气与油、水体积模量的显著差别,根据孔隙流体体积模量的大小来识别气、水层。研究采用了纵横波速度比（vp/vs）和孔隙流体的体积模量这两个与电阻率无关的弹性参数来判别储层的流体类型。理论模拟表明含有少量气体时可使纵波速度及其纵横波速度比显著减小,横波对气体含量不敏感,水层的 vp/vs显著大于气层。采用 vp/vs与横波交会法识别气、水层可消除孔隙和岩性的影响而突出流体类型的影响。     

矿区连续运行参考站选址分析

对连续运行参考站的选址问题进行了探讨,结合鲁西矿区连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统参考站的实际选址工作,论述了其选址的原则.采用TEQC软件时拟建参考站A和B的观测数据进行全面的质量分析,同时把分析的结果和已建成的C参考站的数据进行对比,从而确定出更适合作为连续运行参考站的站点.经对A参考站试运行期间的数据验证,所选参考站点完全满足参考站建设技术规范和矿区应用的需求.     

多变量统计过程控制诊断技术的进展

对多变量统计过程控制(MSPC)诊断技术进行了分类,概述了它们的原理和方法,并对其优缺点进行了评述.     

X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment

Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) is a disorder with an X-linked mode of inheritance and an unusual expression pattern. Disorders arising from mutations on the X chromosome are typically characterized by affected males and unaffected carrier females. In contrast, EFMR spares transmitting males and affects only carrier females. Aided by systematic resequencing of 737 X chromosome genes, we identified different protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) gene mutations in seven families with EFMR. Five mutations resulted in the introduction of a premature termination codon. Study of two of these demonstrated nonsense-mediated decay of PCDH19 mRNA. The two missense mutations were predicted to affect adhesiveness of PCDH19 through impaired calcium binding. PCDH19 is expressed in developing brains of human and mouse and is the first member of the cadherin superfamily to be directly implicated in epilepsy or mental retardation.