浅析抗震设计中短柱问题及其防治

在历次地震灾害中,根据对灾区大量的房屋建筑的研究调查,房屋中大量出现由于形成短柱而产生的破坏。文章叙述了形成短柱的原因,明确了短柱的判定方法,并提出了一些处理措施。从而提高建筑物的抗震性能,避免发生脆性破坏,达到抗震设计的基本要求。     

Screening of the interacting proteins with NifA in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azospirillum brasilense</Emphasis> Sp7 by the yeast two-hybrid system

NifA in AzospiriUum brasilense plays a key role in regulating the synthesis and activity of nitrogenase in response to ammonia and oxygen available. In this work we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the proteins that interact with NifA. The nifA gene was fused to the yeast two-hybrid vector pGBD-C2, and three A. brasilense Sp7 genomic libraries for use in yeast two-hybrid studies were constructed. Screening of the libraries identified four clones encoding proteins that interact with NifA. The confirmation of the interactions of each gene product of the four clones and NifA were carried out by exchanging the vectors for nifA and the four clones and by mutageneses of the four clones with shift reading frame experiments in yeast two-hybrid studies. DNA sequence analyses showed that two clones encode proteins containing PAS domains that play an important role in signal transduction. One clone has high similarity with the fhuE gene of Escherichia coli, whose gene product is involved in iron uptake and transportation, and the other clone encodes an unknown protein.     

Characterization of the flagellar biosynthesis regulatory geneflbD inAzospirillum brasilense

A flagellar gene cluster fragment includingflbD ofAzospirillum brasilense was cloned and sequenced. TheflbD mutant strain was found to be nonmotile—losing both polar and lateral flagella (Fla⁻Laf⁻). Motility and flagella were regained by complementation with plasmid-borne multicopyflbD, but altered with larger swarming circle and fewer lateral flagella on the semisolid plate. This result indicated that FlbD plays an important role in the regulation of both polar and lateral flagellar biosynthesis inA. brasilense.     

Interaction between PⅡ and NifA in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

The interaction between PⅡ and NifA in A.brasilense Sp7 was investigated by using the yeast two-hybrid system.Our experimental results showed that PⅡ directly interacted with the entire NifA protein and its N-terminal domain,but did not interact with the central domin and the C-terminal domain of NifA.No interaction happened if glnB coding for PⅡ was frame-shift mutated.Pz,a homolog of PⅡ,had no interation with NifA.     

Analysis of active sites for N2 and H^＋ reduction on FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase

Dinitrogen (N2) and proton (H ),which act as physiological substrates of nitrogenase,are reduced on FeMo-co of the MoFe protein. However,researchers have different opinions about their exact reduction sites. Nitrogenases were purified from the wild type (WT) and five mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii (Av),including Qα191K,Hα195Q,nifV-,Qα191K/nifV- and Hα195Q/nifV-; and the activities of these en-zymes for N2 and H reduction were analyzed. Our results suggest that the Fe2 and Fe6,atoms closed to the central sulfur atom (S2B) within FeMo-co,are sites for N2 binding and reduction and the Mo atom of FeMo-co is the site for H reduction. Combining these data with further bioinformatical analysis,we propose that two parallel electron channels may exist between the 8Fe7S cluster and FeMo-co.     

Submerged culture of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense under N2-fixing condition and regulation of activity of nitrogen fixation

A submerged culture technique for Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense under the nitrogen-fixing condition (microaerobic and N-limited) was set up. In N-limited medium with Na-lactate as a sole carbon source, the optical density (A_600nm) and activity of nitrogen fixation of cells were 1.3 and 217 nmol of ethylene produced per hour per A_600nm respectively within 21 h by three times of feeds. The pH and temperature were controlled at 7.2 and 30℃ respectively, and the oxygen concentration was controlled by sparging with N₂ containing 0.4%—0.8% of O₂. The activity of nitrogen fixation of cells was obviously inhibited by oxygen and ammonium. It indicated that the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase existed in M. gryphiswaldense.     

痕量氟的Al~（3＋）－Calcein配合物荧光熄灭测定法

本文建立了痕量氟的Ａｌ３＋－Ｃａｌｃｅｉｎ配合物荧光熄灭测定法．该法激发波长４８０ｕｍ，发射波长５０３ｕｍ，线性范围２～１５０μｇ／Ｆ－，灵敏度为２μｇ／ＬＦ－，１００μｇ／ＬＦ－时标准偏差为１．３μｇ／ＬＦ－，是现有的最灵敏方法之一．用茜素络合剂分光光度法进行对照实验，二者获得的结果一致．     

The secretion of lecithinase of Pseudomonas alcaligenes S2 was via type Ⅱ secretion pathway

Strain S2 is a lecithin （or phosphatidylcholine）- solubilizing bacterium, which was isolated from the rice rhizosphere in rural areas of Beijing, China. On the basis of a polyphasic study involving phenotypic tests, physiological and biochemical tests, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, G＋C content determination and DNA-DNA hybridizations analysis, strain S2 was identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes. R alcaligenes S2 was mutagenized with Tn5 and four mutants showing decreased or increased solubilizing ability of lecithin were isolated based on the halo size around colonies on the solid plate supplemented with egg yolk. To characterize the genes of R alcaligenes S2 involved in solubilization of lecithin, the EcoR I fragments of the chromosomes from the four mutant strains carrying a single transposon were cloned, and the DNA sequences flanking the Tn5 were determined. The Tn5 insertion sites in the mutants M808, M1329 and M1400, showing decreased solubilizing ability of lecithin, were found to be located in the xcpS, xcpX and xcpW , respectively, whose products XcpS, XcpX and XcpW were the components of type Ⅱ secretion pathway. Complementation of xcpS, xcpX and xcpW could restore the corresponding mutants M808, M1329 and M1400 to solubilize lecithin. The data suggested that mutation in one of these xcp genes would lead to the absence of mature lecithinase secretion into the extracellular medium. The data also indicated that the secretion of lecithin-hydrolyzing enzyme of R alcaligenes was via type Ⅱ secretion pathway. In the mutant M20 showing increasing lecithin-hydrolyzing activity, the interrupted gene showed 86% identity with chpA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, whose product plays an important role in controlling twitching motility of the bacterial ceils.     

WILD：基于加权信息损耗的离散化算法

现实应用中常常涉及许多连续的数值属性,而目前许多机器学习算法则要求所处理的属性具有离散值。基于信息论的基本原理,提出一种新的有监督离散化算法WILD,它可以看成是决策树离散化算法的一种扩充,其主要改进在于考虑区间内观测值出现的频度,采用加权信息损耗作为区间离散化的测试,以克服决策树算法离散不均衡的问题。该算法非常自然地采用了自底向上的区间归并方案,可以同时归并多个相邻区间,有利于提高离散化算法的速度,实验结果表明该算法能够提高机器学习算法的精度。