人工干预压采条件下东风湖泉域地下水环境响应研究

为掌握我国北方典型岩溶泉域在人工干预条件下地下水的动态响应规律,以涉县东风湖泉域为研究对象,结合区内地质、水文地质、2011-2021年地下水位动态监测和地下水压采资料,在分析该地区地下水动态变化特征的基础上,运用GMS软件构建了在人工压采干预作用下的地下水流数值模拟模型,对地下水位变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明：①研究区地下水动态变化明显,具有周期性、滞后性,具体表现为4个变化阶段;②研究区内岩溶地下水整体呈现回升的状态,但是空间分布特征不同,上升区主要分布于下游地区;;③地下水类型为降水入渗-开采型,低水位期基本在5-6月,高水位期在1-2月;④在干预条件下,区内地下水位有着不同程度的回升,南部(下游)浅层水位响应特征值超过15m,中游地下水位响应特征值达到了5-10m,北部(上游)地下水位响应特征值为3-5m;上游和中游地下水位影响整体小于下游,下游水位响应尤为突出。该研究对于泉域内泉的保护以及地下水开发利用和保护具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

含有{M[P4Mo6O31]2}夹心型磷钼酸盐构筑块的水溶性多酸化合物的合成与表征

采用水热方法合成了一个新的磷钼酸盐化合物，并通过元素分析、红外、紫外、循环伏安和单晶X射线衍射分析等手段对其进行了表征。单晶结构解析结构表明，该化合物的阴离子{Na[Mo₁₂O₂₄(OH)₆(PO₄H)₂(PO₄H_3/2)₂]}^6- 由2 个{Mo₆P₄O₃₁} 单元和一个八面体配位的金属钠离子共价组装形成，具有夹心型结构。该化合物是目前为止获得的第一个含有孤立M[Mo₆P₄O₃₁]₂ 夹心结构的水溶性多钼磷酸盐。该水溶性化合物将会作为一个基本的反应原料和基本构筑单元合成组装出更多结构新颖、性质丰富的新型多钼磷酸盐。     

中国籼稻亚种内的群体结构及地理生态分化

籼稻是亚洲和世界其他一些地区广为种植的主要栽培稻亚种,同时也是我国杂交水稻恢复系的主要来源.研究籼稻亚种内的遗传结构和遗传多样性对中国栽培稻亚种内的分类和演化以及水稻杂种优势利用具有重要的理论和实践意义.本研究通过36个SSR标记对1582份籼稻地方品种的群体结构和地理生态分化进行了分析.结果表明,利用分子标记所做基于模型和基于遗传距离的群体结构表现一致,即早籼稻生态型可划分为4个地理生态群,中间型生态型可划分为3个地理生态群,晚籼稻生态型可划分为2个地理生态群.当地的生态环境和空间隔离是形成地理分化的主要原因.地理生态群既体现了品种间的遗传差异又是对不同生态环境适应的反映,可用于籼稻亚种内杂种优势群划分的依据.根据SSR标记在各个生态型及地理生态群的基因型分布,筛选了可用于鉴别各生态型和地理生态群的SSR特征等位变异并建立了相应的SSR分子判别式.通过SSR分子判别式选择籼稻的中间类型开展籼粳杂种优势研究以及选择不同地理生态类型开展籼稻亚种内杂种优势研究,有助于突破籼粳杂种优势利用的障碍和加强籼稻亚种内杂种优势利用.     

～4.1 Ga xenocrystal zircon from Ordovician volcanic rocks in western part of North Qinlin80rosenic Belt

High-precision U-Pb dating by in situ LA-ICP-MS yields an age of 4079±5 Ma for a xenocrystal zircon from Ordovician volcanics of the Caotangou Group in western part of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. As a result, the North Qinling Orogenic Belt becomes one of a few localities in the world that contain Hadean age records （4276±6 Ma and 4404±8 Ma detrital zircons from Jack Hill of the Yilgarn craton, 4016 Ma Acasta gneisses of the Wopmay Orogeny and Burang quartzite with detrital zircon of 4103 Ma in Tibet）. It is also the first report of the Hadean age in Phanerozoic volcanics. The finding of the 4.1 Ga xenocrystal zircon provides not only the geochronological record of the oldest crustal materials in China, but also the condition for further search for rocks forming in the region during the early time of the Earth＇s evolution. Thirty-six zircon U-Pb dates from the Ordovician volcanic rocks are subgrouped into seven generations that represent different tectono-magmatic events in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. Among them, two periods of 0.9--1.5 Ga and 0.4--0.5 Ga are consistent with Mesoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic orogenies, respectively.     

Investigation of octupole effects in superheavy nuclei with improved potential-energy-surface calculations

It has been found that high-order deformation (e.g.β6) can have important effects on the structures of superheavy nuclei. In the present work, we investigate octupole deformation effects on superheavy nuclei with an improved potential-energy-surface (PES) calculation by including reflection-asymmetric deformations in a space of (β2 ,β3 ,β4 , β5). The calculations give various deformations including highly deformed (β2 ≈ 0.4) and superdeformed (β2 ≈ 0.7) shapes. The octupole-deformation degree of freedom mainly affects the fission barrier beyond the second minimum of PES.     

Verification of GRAPES unified global and regional numerical weather prediction model dynamic core

During the past few years, most of the new developed numerical weather prediction models adopt the strategy of multi-scale technique. Therefore, China Meteorological Administration has devoted to developing a new generation of global and regional multi-scale model since 2003. In order to validate the performance of the GRAPES （Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System） model both for its scientific design and program coding, a suite of idealized tests has been proposed and conducted, which includes the density flow test, three-dimensional mountain wave and the cross-polar flow test. The density flow experiment indicates that the dynamic core has the ability to simulate the fine scale nonlinear flow structures and its transient features. While the three-dimensional mountain wave test shows that the model can reproduce the horizontal and vertical propagation of internal gravity waves quite well. Cross-polar flow test demonstrates the rationality of both for the semi-Lagrangian departure point calculation and the discretization of the model near the poles. The real case forecasts reveal that the model has the ability to predict the large-scale weather regimes in summer such as the subtropical high, and to capture the major synoptic patterns in the mid and high latitudes.     

Preparation of high selectivity silicalite-1 membranes by two-step <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> hydrothermal synthesis

High selectivity silicalite-1 membranes were synthesized on silica tubes by in situ hydrothermal synthesis. Using a two-step synthesis, a membrane with a separation factor of 99 was prepared for separating an ethanol/water mixture at 60°C. The average (n = 4) flux and separation factor of the membranes were 0.47 kg m-2 h-1 and 89, respectively. The membranes exhibited high reproducibility, and the relative standard deviation of the average (n = 4) flux and separation factor were only 5.3% and 9.2%, respectively. These results suggest that silica is a suitable support for synthesis of high-performance silicalite-1 membranes.     

巨轮型纳米多孔钼氧基多金属氧酸盐化合物表面活性部位的检测

利用谷氨酸盐为探针分子, 通过单晶X 射线结构解析、IR、元素分析、¹H NMR 和TG 等综合分析手段, 成功检测到可以看做MoO₃ 类似物的巨轮型纳米多孔钼氧基 多金属氧酸盐表面在特定条件下的反应活性点, 与此同时实现了用多官能团有机分子 对巨轮型金属氧簇内表面的功能型修饰. Z-扫描实验表明, 所得到的这种有机-无机杂 化化合物在能量为15 μJ 的532 nm 波长、18 ps 激光脉冲作用下, 具有显著的非线性光 学反饱和吸收和自聚焦响应.     

U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes for detrital zircons from quartzite in the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton

In situ U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis were carried out for detrital zircons from quartzite in the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group on the southern margin of the North China Craton （NCC）. The results provide further constraints on the crustal formation and evolution history of NCC. Four ^207Pb/^206Pb age populations were obtained from 99 analyses, with clusters at -3.40 Ga, 2.77-2.80 Ga, -2.50 Ga and 2.34 Ga, respectively. The 3.40 Ga old zircons have similar Hf isotopic compositions to those from Archean rocks in the Jidong and Anshan areas of NCC. However, crustal remnants older than 3.6 Ga have been identified in the southern margin of NCC, the South China Craton, the northwestern part of the Qinling Orogen and its adjacent area. Thus, it is not easy to trace the source rock from which the 3.40 Ge detrital zircons were derived. It can be inferred that the crustal remnants older than 3.40 Ga might have been widely distributed in the North China Craton. The 2.77-2.80 Ga zircons make up a relatively small proportion and have the highest εHf（t） values （up to 6.1±1.6）, consistent with the Hf isotopic composition of the depleted mantle at 2.83 Ga. Their single-stage Hf model age of 2.83 Ga is close to their crystallized age, suggesting that their source rocks were extracted from the contemporaneous depleted mantle. The -2.50 Ga zircon grains constitute about 85% of the total grain population and their Hf isotopic compositions indicate major growth of juvenile crust at -2.50 Ga but minor reworking of ancient crust. The youngest zircon dated in this study gave an U-Pb age of 2337±2.3 Ma, which can be considered the maximum depositional age of the formation of the Songshan Group.     

Analytical optimization for field emission of carbon nanotube array

To optimize field emission （FE） property of carbon nanotube （CNT） array on a planar cathode surface, the Fowler-Nordheim formula has been used to discuss the maximum of the emission current density with the floating sphere model in this paper. The emission current density is dominating as the analytical Fowler-Nordheim function of the intertube distance, and the maximum of the emission current density is deduced and discussed. The results indicate that the intertube distance in CNT array critically affects the field enhancement factor and the emission current density, whose maximum occurs at the intertube distance approximating a tenth of the tube height. Considering the emission current density and the field enhancement factor, the FE can be optimized analytically when the intertube distance is about a tenth of the tube height.