矩形板极限承载能力的探讨

船舶及钻井平台等的上层建筑和潜水器内部平面舱壁板，大多采用弹塑性设计．考虑到这种舱壁板是一次性承载，为提高舰船或平台的承载能力，减轻重量，以提高经济性和增加有效载荷，采用屈服线分析法设计上述壁板，并从理论计算和试验两个方面对该方法进行了探讨，得到了板的极限承载能力的数据并提出了该设计方法下的安全系数．     

一种适用于并行文件系统的高可用机制

针对并行文件系统文件数据分布存储的特性所带来的系统可靠性和可用性降低的问题,提出了一种提高并行文件系统可靠性与可用性的机制.该机制采用数据镜像技术,应用逻辑镜像环来指定存储节点间的镜像关系,使得一个存储节点既存储自身的数据,也作为其他节点的数据备份节点.该机制还可以通过调整镜像深度,以满足用户对文件系统不同级别的可靠性和可用性要求.同时,建立了马尔可夫链模型,以评估所提机制的可靠性和可用性.数学求解表明,在镜像深度为2时,应用该机制的并行文件系统发生数据丢失的平均时间大大提高,约为原系统的32倍.     

入侵检测系统的数据收集机制研究

基于对入侵检测所采用的数据收集方法的分类和分析，提出了一种基于多代理的分布式数据收集模型，介绍了该模型的数据收集方法和协同检测过程，该模型分别在网络的关键入口处以及主机的重要应用和网络接口处部署检测代理，各检测代理根据不同情况采用不同的数据收集方法对各种可疑数据进行收集，并通过协调代理对下层检测代理提交的数据进行协同分析。结果表明，这种数据收集模型为协同检测奠定了基础，提高了对分布式攻击的检测能力。     

利用体系结构的建模方法支持测试设计的重用

将体系结构的建模方法应用于测试设计,测试设计和软件设计自上至下同步进行.利用基于体系结构的建模方法将软件设计规范和测试设计规范紧密结合,形成统一的模型描述框架,从而构建层次化的测试设计模型,同时给出了测试用例之间关系的精确定义.结论是:基于体系结构的建模方法能够大大提高软件开发过程中各工作产品的可测试性和测试用例的可维护性,能够有效地支持测试设计的重用.     

Soil properties associated with vegetation patches in a Pinus ponderosa —bunchgrass mosaic

Since Euro-American settlement, fire exclusion and other factors have dramatically altered interior western coniferous forests. Once open and parklike, present-day structure in many southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests consists of dense stands of young, small-diameter trees, with small patches of larger, old trees, and relict open bunchgrass areas. Our objectives were to assess differences in soil properties associated with these different vegetation patches. We examined soil morphological characteristics, pH, organic C concentration, total N concentration, C:N ratio, and phytolith concentration from profiles within 6 transects (18 soil pedons) crossing patches of dense stands of small diameter trees, patches of old-growth trees, and open grassy areas. Results indicate that old-growth plots had significantly lower A horizon pH and thicker O horizons than grass plots. In general, we found vegetation patches had statistically similar C and N concentrations and C:N ratios for A and B horizons; however, C in the A horizon was positively correlated with O horizon accumulation ( r 2 = 0.79). Greater accumulation of organic C in the A horizon of forested areas contrasts with commonly reported results from mesic, mid-continental prairie-forest ecosystems but is typical for many arid, semiarid, and humid savanna ecosystems. Phytolith concentration was similar among old-growth pine, dense younger pine, and open grassy plots; the lack of a spatial pattern in phytolith distribution could indicate that grass cover was more spatially continuous in the past. Additionally, this interpretation is consistent with current theories regarding historical vegetation change in these forests.     

校园级元计算机的单一映像文件系统的研究

为了支持广域、异构资源的统一管理，实现单一虚拟机器，提出了基于分布式对象技术的单一映像文件系统的实现方法，建立了一种分布式对象模型，定义了上下文对象与文件对象，论述了单一映像文件系统的组织结构与实现技术，给出了单一映像文件系统的常用操作命令的性能，单一映像文件系统将地理上分布的、不同管理域的、不同节点的广域异构资源映射到虚拟目录系统，以支持广域资源的协同管理与统一调度，为用户提供方便实用的工具与命令，从而简化了元计算系统的操作。     

Neural subsystems for object knowledge.

Critical issues in the cognitive neuroscience of language are whether there are multiple systems for the representation of meaning, perhaps organized by processing system (such as vision or language), and whether further subsystems are distinguishable within these larger ones. We describe here a patient (K.R.) with cerebral damage whose pattern of acquired deficits offers direct evidence for a major division between visually based and language-based higher-level representations, and for processing subsystems within language. K.R. could not name animals regardless of the type of presentation (auditory or visual), but had no difficulty naming other living things and objects. When asked to describe verbally the physical attributes of animals (for example, 'what colour is an elephant?'), she was strikingly impaired. Nevertheless, she could distinguish the correct physical attributes of animals when they were presented visually (she could distinguish animals that were correctly coloured from those that were not). Her knowledge of input stimulus. To explain this selective deficit, these data mandate the existence of two distinct representations of such properties in normal individuals, one visually based and one language-based. Furthermore, these data establish that knowledge of physical attributes is strictly segregated from knowledge of other properties in the language system.     

A structural change in the kinesin motor protein that drives motility

Kinesin motors power many motile processes by converting ATP energy into unidirectional motion along microtubules. The force-generating and enzymatic properties of conventional kinesin have been extensively studied; however, the structural basis of movement is unknown. Here we have detected and visualized a large conformational change of an approximately 15-amino-acid region (the neck linker) in kinesin using electron paramagnetic resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, pre-steady state kinetics and cryo-electron microscopy. This region becomes immobilized and extended towards the microtubule 'plus' end when kinesin binds microtubules and ATP, and reverts to a more mobile conformation when gamma-phosphate is released after nucleotide hydrolysis. This conformational change explains both the direction of kinesin motion and processive movement by the kinesin dimer.