无创式脑调制的神经效应研究进展

无创式脑调制(noninvasive brain modulation,NBM)技术是基于电磁感应原理,采用电场或磁场以非侵入的方式刺激中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS),进而改善脑功能.现在,它不仅是诊断和治疗神经精神疾病(neuropsychiatric disorders)的一个有效手段,同时也是研究脑生理和脑功能的常用工具,此外在探索认知、情感、记忆和语言等方面也有着巨大的应用价值.虽然,NBM技术在认知神经科学、神经生理学及神经精神病学等各个领域被广泛成功的应用,但是它对脑功能和CNS的调节机制目前还不清楚,这严重地限制了该类技术的进一步应用以及研发.NBM技术作用的共同规律是通过在脑组织周围产生感应电场来调节相应脑区的神经活动.因此,明确不同电场作用下神经元放电活动的演化规律以及相应的发生机制是揭示NBM技术神经调节机制的关键.本文首先介绍了NBM在神经科学中的应用现状,然后对近年来有关电场神经调节效应的研究成果进行了综述,包括电生理实验和计算模型仿真,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于恒模特性的单通道时频重叠信号盲分离算法

针对单通道同调制方式、同调制参数时频重叠信号的盲分离问题,基于MSK信号的恒模特性,及对MSK混合信号分量幅度的准确估计,构建了单通道信号盲分离欠定方程组.为解决该方程组的解模糊问题,根据MSK信号相位连续特性,提出了相位方差最小模糊解消除准则.但相位对噪声较为敏感,该准则可能会产生严重的误判现象,又提出了一种基于最小斜率的补充准则.基于以上两种模糊解消除准则,可对单通道信号盲分离欠定方程组的模糊解进行合理选择,有效地实现了MSK时频重叠信号的单通道盲分离.仿真结果表明:在信噪比大于5 dB的条件下,该算法对混合信号具有较好的分离效果.并且该算法具有复杂度低、计算量小的优点.     

Advances in the regulation and crosstalks of phytohormones

Various mutants defective in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways have been identified and characterized recently. Functional analysis of corresponding genes has greatly enriched our knowledge of phytohormone biosynthesis, transport, and signal transduction. Moreover, identification of phytohormone receptors and dissection of cross-talks among phytohormones allow us to elucidate the molecular basis of actions of phytohormones. The recent comprehensive work on the regulation of the biosynthesis, transport and signaling of phytohormones will help us to understand phytohormone actions in plant growth and development and their potential application in crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the latest work about phytohormones actions and highlight some common issues in this field.     

混凝土材料非线性多轴动态强度准则

将广义非线性强度理论的4个材料参数转化为混凝土材料的基本强度参数,通过混凝土材料的基本强度特性,分析了4个材料参数的变化规律与取值范围.基于S准则建立了混凝土材料4个基本强度参数的率效应表达式,建立了混凝土材料的非线性多轴动态强度准则,分析了动态强度参数的率效应规律,结果表明,混凝土材料的强度特性随着应变率的提高,逐渐向金属材料的强度特性过渡,在应变率从-3~3,应变率对混凝土动态强度的影响较大,并且动强度不是随着应变率的提高无限增大的,而是存在动强度峰值.通过与3组双轴压-压和2组双轴拉-压动态加载时混凝土材料试验结果的比较,表明非线性多轴动态强度准则可较好地描述混凝土材料双轴动强度规律.在同一应变率下,可较好地描述强度的非线性特性;不同应变率下,动强度面互不相交,即应变率效应与多轴应力状态对强度规律不存在耦合影响.     

单桥二茂铁番化合物的研究进展

单桥二茂铁番化合物（[n]ferrocenophane）是一类分子内架桥的二茂铁衍生物,张力结构的二茂铁番类化合物是开环聚合潜在的单体,能生成具有独特的氧化还原、电、光、磁等特性的金属有机聚合物．综述了单桥二茂铁番化合物的研究进展及结构特征,并对其主要的应用开环聚合（ROP）做简要介绍．     

Theoretic study of the reaction mechanism between （Me）3CO· radical and trans-3-hexene

The reaction mechanism between （Me）3CO· radical and trans-3-hexene in benzene was studied for the first time at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p）//B3LYP/6-31G（d）＋ZPVE level. Two distinct elementary channels were identified as： （1） abstraction-addition; （2） addition-addition-elimination. Analysis of the potential energy surface demonstrates that for the title reaction, channels （1） and （2） have the major and minor contribution, respectively. Our calculated results can well explain the recently observed product distribution by Coseri et al. （J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 4629）. However, we found that the addition-abstraction channel proposed by Coseri et al. is kinetically infeasible.     

Ozone vertical variations during a typhoon derived from the OMI observations and reanalysis data

Typhoon is considered to play a key role in the dynamical exchange processes taking place between the troposphere and stratosphere. In this paper, the impact of typhoon on the ozone distribution in the upper troposphere and middle stratosphere is investigated using ozone profiles measured by Aura’s Ozone Monitoring Instrument and meteorological fields from reanalysis data. During the passage of Typhoon Hai-Tang in 2005 over the western North Pacific, low values of ozone column above 200 hPa and ozone mixing ratio between the upper troposphere and the middle stratosphere (from 200 to 50 hPa) are observed right above the typhoon’s track, a result due to the strong upward propagation of air associated with overshooting convection in typhoon. A comparative analysis of different stages of Hai-Tang suggests that in the region where typhoon has higher intensity the troposphere-to-stratosphere transport is enhanced. These results indicated that the typhoon has a significant impact on the ozone variation in the upper troposphere and the middle stratosphere.     

An experimental study of tin partition between melt and aqueous fluid in F/Cl-coexisting magma

In order to investigate the formation mechanism of tin ores associated with F-bearing granite, an ex-perimental study of tin partition between F-bearing granitic melt and coexisting HCl-bearing aqueous fluid was conducted at 850℃ and 100MPa with fo2 approaching NNO. Geochemical behavior of tin was traced by changes in starting solid materials with different alumina saturation index ASI, in F content and in starting fluids of various HCl concentrations. The results show that DSn increases with ASI of melt and peraluminous melt is favorable for tin partition into aqueous fluid in the F/Cl-coexisting sys-tem. Aqueous fluid of higher HCl concentrations is advantageous for enrichment of tin. Furthermore, chlorine contents in glass run products correlate positively with F and Cl contents in the magma. In the F/Cl-coexisting system, granitic melts with high F contents (> ~1 wt%) could extract and enrich tin in the melt which can serve as a reservoir for the formation of tin ores. However, the partition coefficient of tin would increase significantly when F contents in the melt were below 1 wt%. Therefore, the de-crease of F contents is favorable to the partition of tin into aqueous fluid with high HCl contents, thus promoting deposition of hydrothermal tin ores.