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Résumé Au cours d'expériences faites avec des substances dérivées du cholestérol, les auteurs ont étudié l'effet du 4-cholestène-3, 6-dione sur des souris blanches et noires. Dans divers organes, des tumeurs apparurent qui ne se montrèrent pas chez les animaux de contrôle. Au point de vue de leur structure histologique, de leur degré de malignité et de leur tendance métastasique, les tumeurs observées étaient extraordinaires. 相似文献
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First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brandt A Gooday AJ Brandão SN Brix S Brökeland W Cedhagen T Choudhury M Cornelius N Danis B De Mesel I Diaz RJ Gillan DC Ebbe B Howe JA Janussen D Kaiser S Linse K Malyutina M Pawlowski J Raupach M Vanreusel A 《Nature》2007,447(7142):307-311
Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748-6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment. 相似文献
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Davis EE Zhang Q Liu Q Diplas BH Davey LM Hartley J Stoetzel C Szymanska K Ramaswami G Logan CV Muzny DM Young AC Wheeler DA Cruz P Morgan M Lewis LR Cherukuri P Maskeri B Hansen NF Mullikin JC Blakesley RW Bouffard GG;NISC Comparative Sequencing Program Gyapay G Rieger S Tönshoff B Kern I Soliman NA Neuhaus TJ Swoboda KJ Kayserili H Gallagher TE Lewis RA Bergmann C Otto EA Saunier S Scambler PJ Beales PL Gleeson JG Maher ER Attié-Bitach T Dollfus H Johnson CA Green ED Gibbs RA Hildebrandt F 《Nature genetics》2011,43(3):189-196
Ciliary dysfunction leads to a broad range of overlapping phenotypes, collectively termed ciliopathies. This grouping is underscored by genetic overlap, where causal genes can also contribute modifier alleles to clinically distinct disorders. Here we show that mutations in TTC21B, which encodes the retrograde intraflagellar transport protein IFT139, cause both isolated nephronophthisis and syndromic Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Moreover, although resequencing of TTC21B in a large, clinically diverse ciliopathy cohort and matched controls showed a similar frequency of rare changes, in vivo and in vitro evaluations showed a significant enrichment of pathogenic alleles in cases (P < 0.003), suggesting that TTC21B contributes pathogenic alleles to ~5% of ciliopathy cases. Our data illustrate how genetic lesions can be both causally associated with diverse ciliopathies and interact in trans with other disease-causing genes and highlight how saturated resequencing followed by functional analysis of all variants informs the genetic architecture of inherited disorders. 相似文献
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Aulchenko YS Hoppenbrouwers IA Ramagopalan SV Broer L Jafari N Hillert J Link J Lundström W Greiner E Dessa Sadovnick A Goossens D Van Broeckhoven C Del-Favero J Ebers GC Oostra BA van Duijn CM Hintzen RQ 《Nature genetics》2008,40(12):1402-1403
The few loci associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) are all related to immune function. We report a GWA study identifying a new locus replicated in 2,679 cases and 3,125 controls. An rs10492972[C] variant located in the KIF1B gene was associated with MS with an odds ratio of 1.35 (P = 2.5 x 10(-10)). KIF1B is a neuronally expressed gene plausibly implicated in the irreversible axonal loss characterizing MS in the long term. 相似文献
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den Hollander AI Koenekoop RK Mohamed MD Arts HH Boldt K Towns KV Sedmak T Beer M Nagel-Wolfrum K McKibbin M Dharmaraj S Lopez I Ivings L Williams GA Springell K Woods CG Jafri H Rashid Y Strom TM van der Zwaag B Gosens I Kersten FF van Wijk E Veltman JA Zonneveld MN van Beersum SE Maumenee IH Wolfrum U Cheetham ME Ueffing M Cremers FP Inglehearn CF Roepman R 《Nature genetics》2007,39(7):889-895
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Jaworski T Dewachter I Lechat B Gees M Kremer A Demedts D Borghgraef P Devijver H Kügler S Patel S Woodgett JR Van Leuven F 《Nature》2011,480(7376):E4-5; discussion E6
Arising from C. J. Phiel, C. A. Wilson, V. M.-Y. Lee & P. S. Klein 423, 435-439 (2003)A major unresolved issue in Alzheimer's disease is identifying the mechanisms that regulate proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) isozymes are thought to be important in this regulation. Phiel et al. proposed that GSK-3α, but not GSK-3β, controls production of amyloid. We analysed the proteolytic processing of mouse and human APP in mouse brain in vivo in five different genetic and viral models. Our data do not yield evidence for either GSK-3α-mediated or GSK-3β-mediated control of APP processing in brain in vivo. 相似文献
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Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health. 相似文献
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