Study on Occupational Hazards and Preventive Measures for the Constructors in Building Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

To analyze the hazard factors for the constructors through the geographic environment along the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. On the basis of the physical examination data of the constructors, we dynamically investigated the impact of the plateau environment on the constructors＇ health. We concluded the adaptation after the plain people entering into the plateau, and the application of the medical security measures and the effectiveness of the Plateau diseases preventing and controlling measures during the construction of the Qinghai- Tibetan railway. The results showed that there existed many occupational hazard factors because of the harsh environment in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, and they did a severe harm to the constructors. To take an effective prevention measure could apparently alleviate the occupational hazards, and ensure the safety and health of the constructors. The paper not only provided the valuable experiences for the medical support during the economic construction in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau areas in the future, but also made a contribution for improving the development of the world plateau medicine.     

花边星齿蛉幼虫矿质元素和脂肪酸含量的初步分析

分别采用ICP-OES法和法GC-MS对分布于吉首市峒河流域的花边星齿蛉幼虫的矿质元素和脂肪酸进行测定.结果表明,该种幼虫富含常量矿质元素,含量高低依次为K,Ca,Mg,P,其中K高达5 206.00 μg/g;微量元素含量高低依次为Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Ba,Se,Co,其中Fe 520.75 μg/g,Zn 154.15 μg/g;有害元素Al未检出,Cd达到0.88 μg/g,高于国家标准（GB 2762-2017）规定的Cd含量.粗脂肪超过干重的30%,共分离出11个峰,包含8种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸约55.2%,不饱和脂肪酸约44.8%,人体必需脂肪酸约为0.8%.总体上,花边星齿蛉幼虫是一种富含人体所需矿质元素和脂肪酸的食用昆虫,但考虑到其对有害元素Cd具有一定的富集性,因此不宜常吃多吃,建议少量食用在水质优良的河流、溪沟中捕捉的虫体.