全文获取类型
收费全文 | 137篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 3篇 |
教育与普及 | 1篇 |
现状及发展 | 15篇 |
研究方法 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 81篇 |
自然研究 | 17篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shape skeletonization (i.e., medial axis extraction) is powerful in many visual computing applications, such as pattern recognition, object segmentation, registration, and animation. In this paper, the authors expand the use of diffusion equations combined with distance field information to approximate medial axes of arbitrary 3D differential properties. It offers an alternative solids represented by polygonal meshes based on their but natural way for medial axis extraction for commonly used 3D polygonal models. By solving the PDE along time axis, this system can not only quickly extract diffusion-based medial axes of input meshes, but also allow users to visualize the extraction process at each time step. In addition, the proposed model provides users a set of manipulation toolkits to sculpt extracted medial axes, then use diffusion-based techniques to recover corresponding deformed shapes according to the original input datasets. This skeleton-based shape manipulation offers a fast and easy way for animation and deformation of complicated mesh objects. 相似文献
2.
Earthquakes have long been recognized as being the result of stick-slip frictional instabilities. Over the past few decades, laboratory studies of rock friction have elucidated many aspects of tectonic fault zone processes and earthquake phenomena. Typically, the static friction of rocks grows logarithmically with time when they are held in stationary contact, but the mechanism responsible for this strengthening is not understood. This time-dependent increase of frictional strength, or frictional ageing, is one manifestation of the 'evolution effect' in rate and state friction theory. A prevailing view is that the time dependence of rock friction results from increases in contact area caused by creep of contacting asperities. Here we present the results of atomic force microscopy experiments that instead show that frictional ageing arises from the formation of interfacial chemical bonds, and the large magnitude of ageing at the nanometre scale is quantitatively consistent with what is required to explain observations in macroscopic rock friction experiments. The relative magnitude of the evolution effect compared with that of the 'direct effect'--the dependence of friction on instantaneous changes in slip velocity--determine whether unstable slip, leading to earthquakes, is possible. Understanding the mechanism underlying the evolution effect would enable us to formulate physically based frictional constitutive laws, rather than the current empirically based 'laws', allowing more confident extrapolation to natural faults. 相似文献
3.
The relationships among the living apes and modern humans have effectively been resolved, but it is much more difficult to locate fossil apes on the tree of life because shared skeletal morphology does not always mean shared recent evolutionary history. Sorting fossil taxa into those that belong on the branch of the tree of life that leads to modern humans from those that belong on other closely related branches is a considerable challenge. 相似文献
4.
研究了血吸虫对人体肝脾所致损伤的机理、多因素的发病机制、肝脾硬化导致的循环障碍、矸脾功能代偿失调、肝脾血吸虫病的诊断、预后及其防治难点。 相似文献
5.
The fossil record preserves numerous natural experiments that can shed light on the response of ecological communities to environmental change. However, directly observing the community dynamics of extinct organisms is not possible. As an alternative, neutral ecological models suggest that species abundance distributions reflect dynamical processes like migration, competition, recruitment, and extinction. Live-dead comparisons suggest that such distributions can be faithfully preserved in the rock record. Here we use a maximum-likelihood approach to show that brachiopod (lamp shell) abundance distributions from four temporally distinct ecological landscapes from the Glass Mountains, Texas (of the Permian period), exhibit significant differences. Further, all four are better fitted by zero-sum multinomial distributions, characteristic of Hubbell's neutral model, than by log-normal distributions, as predicted by the traditional ecological null hypothesis. Using the neutral model as a guide, we suggest that sea level fluctuations spanning about 10 Myr altered the degrees of isolation and exchange among local communities within these ecological landscapes. Neither these long-term environmental changes nor higher-frequency sea level fluctuations resulted in wholesale extinction or major innovation within evolutionary lineages. 相似文献
6.
7.
Heterozygous missense mutations in BSCL2 are associated with distal hereditary motor neuropathy and Silver syndrome 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Windpassinger C Auer-Grumbach M Irobi J Patel H Petek E Hörl G Malli R Reed JA Dierick I Verpoorten N Warner TT Proukakis C Van den Bergh P Verellen C Van Maldergem L Merlini L De Jonghe P Timmerman V Crosby AH Wagner K 《Nature genetics》2004,36(3):271-276
Distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or distal spinal muscular atrophy (OMIM #182960) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an almost exclusive degeneration of motor nerve fibers, predominantly in the distal part of the limbs. Silver syndrome (OMIM #270685) is a rare form of hereditary spastic paraparesis mapped to chromosome 11q12-q14 (SPG17) in which spasticity of the legs is accompanied by amyotrophy of the hands and occasionally also the lower limbs. Silver syndrome and most forms of dHMN are autosomal dominantly inherited with incomplete penetrance and a broad variability in clinical expression. A genome-wide scan in an Austrian family with dHMN-V (ref. 4) showed linkage to the locus SPG17, which was confirmed in 16 additional families with a phenotype characteristic of dHMN or Silver syndrome. After refining the critical region to 1 Mb, we sequenced the gene Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) and identified two heterozygous missense mutations resulting in the amino acid substitutions N88S and S90L. Null mutations in BSCL2, which encodes the protein seipin, were previously shown to be associated with autosomal recessive Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (OMIM #269700). We show that seipin is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The amino acid substitutions N88S and S90L affect glycosylation of seipin and result in aggregate formation leading to neurodegeneration. 相似文献
8.
The knockout mouse project 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Austin CP Battey JF Bradley A Bucan M Capecchi M Collins FS Dove WF Duyk G Dymecki S Eppig JT Grieder FB Heintz N Hicks G Insel TR Joyner A Koller BH Lloyd KC Magnuson T Moore MW Nagy A Pollock JD Roses AD Sands AT Seed B Skarnes WC Snoddy J Soriano P Stewart DJ Stewart F Stillman B Varmus H Varticovski L Verma IM Vogt TF von Melchner H Witkowski J Woychik RP Wurst W Yancopoulos GD Young SG Zambrowicz B 《Nature genetics》2004,36(9):921-924
Mouse knockout technology provides a powerful means of elucidating gene function in vivo, and a publicly available genome-wide collection of mouse knockouts would be significantly enabling for biomedical discovery. To date, published knockouts exist for only about 10% of mouse genes. Furthermore, many of these are limited in utility because they have not been made or phenotyped in standardized ways, and many are not freely available to researchers. It is time to harness new technologies and efficiencies of production to mount a high-throughput international effort to produce and phenotype knockouts for all mouse genes, and place these resources into the public domain. 相似文献
9.
Increasing dominance of large lianas in Amazonian forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phillips OL Vásquez Martínez R Arroyo L Baker TR Killeen T Lewis SL Malhi Y Monteagudo Mendoza A Neill D Núñez Vargas P Alexiades M Cerón C Di Fiore A Erwin T Jardim A Palacios W Saldias M Vinceti B 《Nature》2002,418(6899):770-774
Ecological orthodoxy suggests that old-growth forests should be close to dynamic equilibrium, but this view has been challenged by recent findings that neotropical forests are accumulating carbon and biomass, possibly in response to the increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. However, it is unclear whether the recent increase in tree biomass has been accompanied by a shift in community composition. Such changes could reduce or enhance the carbon storage potential of old-growth forests in the long term. Here we show that non-fragmented Amazon forests are experiencing a concerted increase in the density, basal area and mean size of woody climbing plants (lianas). Over the last two decades of the twentieth century the dominance of large lianas relative to trees has increased by 1.7-4.6% a year. Lianas enhance tree mortality and suppress tree growth, so their rapid increase implies that the tropical terrestrial carbon sink may shut down sooner than current models suggest. Predictions of future tropical carbon fluxes will need to account for the changing composition and dynamics of supposedly undisturbed forests. 相似文献
10.
RANKL maintains bone homeostasis through c-Fos-dependent induction of interferon-beta 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Takayanagi H Kim S Matsuo K Suzuki H Suzuki T Sato K Yokochi T Oda H Nakamura K Ida N Wagner EF Taniguchi T 《Nature》2002,416(6882):744-749