Distribution and characterization of C31 sterane from cretaceous sediments and oils, Songliao Basin, China

Relatively high abundance of C₃₁ steranes has been identified from cretaceous source rocks and crude oils in the Songliao Basin, China. C₃₁ steranes which occur as ten isomers were tentatively identified as 4, 22, 23, 24-tetrametyhlcholestane based on their retention time and mass spectrum. They bear a lower thermal stability and occur as important components in the immature oils of Chaochang region because they have three-methyl groups in their side chain. The relatively high abundance of C₃₁ steranes in the samples can indicate the source input of some special algae in the brackish and saline environment. Therefore they can be used as very useful bimarkers for organic facies analysis and oil correlation. Their biological source perhaps related to the dinoflagellate such asG. foliaceum andP. foliaceum. The gorgostanol are considered as possible precursors for the putative C₃₁4-methyl sterane which formed in the stage of diagenesis.     

New evidence for the origin of natural gas in Ordos Basin from hydrocarbons of oil water

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution.     

裂缝性致密储层工作液损害机理及防治方法

裂缝性致密储层裂缝发育,易发生工作液漏失,严重损害储层。为探究不同工作液漏失损害机理,形成高效
防治方法,以川西北九龙山构造须家河组、珍珠冲组裂缝性致密储层为研究对象,开展了钻井完井液储层损害实验及
工作液顺序接触损害实验。结果表明：钻井完井液滤液、体系和固相对基块岩样的损害程度介于中偏强强,且逐个
减弱;裂缝岩样渗透率动态损害程度为强;工作液顺序接触后损害程度加剧。分析认为,水相圈闭、固相堵塞是裂缝性
致密储层工作液漏失损害储层的主要机理。不同工作液漏失引起储层损害程度叠加、损害范围扩大。根据分析结果,
构建了工作液漏失损害模式,并提出相应损害防治方法。使用改性屏蔽暂堵钻井完井液提高封堵能力,改变岩石表面
润湿性,可有效预防工作液漏失损害;利用工作液漏失数据,确定漏失损害带范围,可为酸化作业提供指导。     

松辽盆地朝长地区原油的地球化学特征

松辽盆地朝长地区原油的成熟度普遍较低,大多数原油仍保留正烷烃奇偶优势,这主要与半咸水咸水环境中藻类母质生源输入有关。长２０井的原油既具有正烷烃奇偶优势,又具有较低甾萜烷异构体比值,属于典型的低熟原油。从长２０井低熟原油中检测到了一定量的２８,３０二降藿烷,这说明源岩形成于极度厌氧的环境。此外,在原油中还发现了藿１７（２１）烯系列,这进一步揭示了原油的低熟性。其它原油虽具有正构烷烃的奇偶优势,但甾萜烷参数均比较高,可能为低熟油与成熟油的混合作用所致。     

顺北油气田破碎性地层井壁稳定技术难题与对策

近年来,顺北油气田多口井因钻遇破碎性地层出现了严重的井壁坍塌掉块情况,导致阻卡频繁,多口井回填侧钻,已成为顺北油田勘探开发的重大技术难题之一。统计分析了顺北油气田奥陶系破碎性地层复杂现状,针对破碎性地层技术难点,研究分析了其坍塌失稳机理,提出了安全钻井技术对策。结果表明：失稳机理主要为受挤压构造影响,地层破碎,应力集中,加之地层高角度裂缝、层理等弱面发育,胶结性差,结构松散,极易发生剪切破坏,产生大面积坍塌失稳现象。钻井液应强化致密封堵、固结性能,提高地层完整性和岩石强度,适当提高钻井液密度,加强力学支撑作用,同时提高钻井液携带能力,保持井眼清洁。破碎性地层钻进时应尽量简化钻具,优化钻井参数,“少进多退”,保证井下安全。