Verification of GRAPES unified global and regional numerical weather prediction model dynamic core

During the past few years, most of the new developed numerical weather prediction models adopt the strategy of multi-scale technique. Therefore, China Meteorological Administration has devoted to developing a new generation of global and regional multi-scale model since 2003. In order to validate the performance of the GRAPES （Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System） model both for its scientific design and program coding, a suite of idealized tests has been proposed and conducted, which includes the density flow test, three-dimensional mountain wave and the cross-polar flow test. The density flow experiment indicates that the dynamic core has the ability to simulate the fine scale nonlinear flow structures and its transient features. While the three-dimensional mountain wave test shows that the model can reproduce the horizontal and vertical propagation of internal gravity waves quite well. Cross-polar flow test demonstrates the rationality of both for the semi-Lagrangian departure point calculation and the discretization of the model near the poles. The real case forecasts reveal that the model has the ability to predict the large-scale weather regimes in summer such as the subtropical high, and to capture the major synoptic patterns in the mid and high latitudes.     

基于形式化测试的实时系统变更后安全性验证

变更后系统实现的安全性验证是安全攸关系统维护过程中必不可少的环节,也是其面临的主要挑战之一.软件模型检测和程序验证是目前常用的作用于代码层面的自动化安全性验证技术.本文站在系统行为角度,基于形式化方法,提出了一种将变更后系统实现的安全性验证问题归结为一致性测试的方法,尝试通过自动生成的一致性测试用例在系统行为级别上判定系统实现是否安全.为此,首先以时间输入输出自动机及其语义模型为基础,构建了该方法的证明体系,证明了该方法的正确性;其次,建立了变更后系统实现安全性验证的回归测试生成框架.相对于其它实时系统测试方法,这种测试方法不仅可以发现实时系统中常规的不一致性缺陷,而且为变更后系统实现在运行时是否满足指定的安全性属性提供了依据.最后,以轨道交通系统中的列车自动防护功能的变更情景为案例研究,说明了方法的具体应用.     

The program structure designing and optimizing tests of GRAPES physics

According to the modularization and standardization of program structure in Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System （GRAPES）, the plug-compatible and transplantable regional meso-scale and global middle-range physics software package is established. The package＇s component integrality is comparative with the other advanced models physics. A three-level structure of connecting GRAPES physics and dynamic frame has been constructed. The friendly interface is designed for users to plug in their own physics packages. Phenomenon of grid-point storm rainfall in numerical prediction is analyzed with the numerical tests. The scheme of air vertical velocity calculation is improved. Opti- mizing tests of physics schemes are performed with the correlative parameters adjusting. The results show that the false grid-point storm rainfall is removed by precipitation scheme improving. Then the score of precipitation forecast is enhanced.     

A new-generation sand and dust storm forecasting system GRAPES_CUACE/Dust: Model development,verification and numerical simulation

Based on the new-generation Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System(GRAPES) developed by the Numerical Prediction Research Center,China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment for Dust Atmospheric Chemistry Module(CUACE/Dust) developed by the Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services(CAWAS) of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS) ,the China sand and dust storm forecasting system GRAPES /CUACE-Dust model has been established.The latest...     

Uprising period and elevation of the Wenyu granitic pluton in the Xiaoqinling District, Central China

Xiaoqinling District is an important gold-producing area in China. It ranks second to Jiaodong with regard to gold deposits. The uprising period of the Wenyu granitic pluton and the wall-rocks of the deposit, as well as the mineralizing depth and reserved place of gold ore bodies, are significant to ore exploration. Fission-track （FT） analysis of zircons and apatites of granitic rocks from the Wenyu granitic pluton shows that apatite FT （AFT） data modeling indicates a rapid cooling rate of 20℃/Ma from 138 to 120 Ma after emplacement at 138 Ma. Thermal evolution and inversion curves suggest a secondary phase of fast cooling and up- rising from 45 to 35 Ma, and 35 Ma, respectively, with a cooling rate of 6.7℃/Ma and a denudation quantity of -4.3 km. The last cooling phase took place from 〈4 Ma, with an average cooling rate of -11.3℃/Ma and a denudation amount of 1.3 km. Total exhumation quantity of 5.6 km and uprising elevation of 7.3 km are similar to the estimated results of fluid inclusions from the Dongtongyu and Wenyu gold deposits. The 39Ar/40Ar dating of sericite from the fault planes of the Xunmadao-Xiaohe and Taiyao faults demonstrate two uprising activities of the ore-host metamorphic complex. The Huashan and Wenyu granitic plutons inten- sively occurred during 77 and 45 Ma, respectively. These data sets are valuable for understanding the uplifting process and for preserving gold ore bodies in the Xiaoqinling area, as well as for further studies on tectonic evolutions of the Taihua Complex and the Qinling-Dabie Orogen.     

New generation of multi-scale NWP system （GRAPES）： general scientific design

A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES （a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System） was set up in China Meteorological Administration （CMA）. This paper fo- cuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed.