Trichinella spiralis: acceleration and inhibition of cyst calcification in rats.

Daily administration of vitamin D3 (75,000 IU/kg b. wt) for 7 days accelerated Trichinella spiralis cyst calcification in rats with a 14-week-old infection. When disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered (50 mg/kg b. wt) from 2 days before until 2 days after vitamin D3 treatment, cyst calcification was inhibited. Thus, the ability to inhibit E. spiralis calcification has demonstrated for the first time.     

野生动物旅游场所涉入实证分析: 以澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心为例

对前往澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心的访客进行调研,运用K-means聚类分析、方差分析等定量方法,分析游客对野生动物旅游中场所涉入程度及差异性。得到以下主要结论:受访者依据涉入程度不同分为浅度场所涉入、深度场所涉入和中等场所涉入,样本总体的场所涉入程度归属深度场所涉入;不同游客特征对野生动物旅游风险的感知具有差异性,年龄和学历对场所涉入存在显著性差异(p≤0.05),性别、收入和家庭状况在场所涉入上均无显著性差异;旅游行为中停留时间、场所消费、信息来源和满意度对场所涉入具有显著性差异(p≤0.05)。研究结果对野生动物保护、目的地管理和市场营销有一定的借鉴和启示意义。     

Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction

Neurons in the visual cortex respond selectively to perceptually salient features of the visual scene, such as the direction and speed of moving objects, the orientation of local contours, or the colour or relative depth of a visual pattern. It is commonly assumed that the brain constructs its percept of the visual scene from information encoded in the selective responses of such neurons. We have now tested this hypothesis directly by measuring the effect on psychophysical performance of modifying the firing rates of physiologically characterized neurons. We required rhesus monkeys to report the direction of motion in a visual display while we electrically stimulated clusters of directionally selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5), an extrastriate area that plays a prominent role in the analysis of visual motion information. Microstimulation biased the animals' judgements towards the direction of motion encoded by the stimulated neurons. This result indicates that physiological properties measured at the neuronal level can be causally related to a specific aspect of perceptual performance.     

港式茶餐厅——从全球化的香港饮食文化谈起

作为 2 0世纪下半叶崛起的人类学支派 ,饮食人类学的理论发展在国内有待进一步介绍。港式茶餐厅象征着香港的文化参与了全球化的进程 ,它源自对欧式户外饮食方式的模仿 ,随着饮食文化全球化趋势的发展和变化 ,港式茶餐逐渐具有了代表香港大众文化传统的深层意蕴 ,成为香港人对香港文化认同的重要标志     

非资源消费型野生动物旅游风险感知研究：澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心实证

通过对前往澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心的访客进行调研,运用因子分析、K-means聚类分析、方差分析等定量方法,分析游客对在野外生境中接触海豚的风险感知程度及差异性。通过探索性因子分析,共识别和提取野生动物旅游风险感知量表的3个维度:体验质量风险、舒适性风险和身体安全风险。受访者感知程度最强为体验质量因子,其次为舒适性,最后为身体安全。运用K-means聚类分析方法,依据量表均值得分,将受访者分为3类:弱风险感知、强风险感知和中等风险感知,而样本总体对接触海豚风险感知程度归属为弱风险感知,认为接触海豚是相对安全的活动。通过独立样本t检验和方差分析,对比不同游客特征对野生动物旅游风险感知的差异性。结果发现,人口社会学特征中,除性别外,不同年龄、收入和家庭状况在风险感知程度上均存在显著性差异;旅游行为中,旅游经历、旅行同伴、消费额和停留时间对风险感知具有显著性差异,信息来源途径无显著性差异;满意度和重游意愿对风险感知都具有显著性差异。     

非资源消费型野生动物旅游者的环境态度研究——以澳大利亚海豚探索中心为例

通过对前往澳大利亚班布里海豚探索中心的访客进行调研, 使用新生态范式量表, 运用K-means聚类分析、方差分析等定量方法, 探析游客对在野外生境中接触海豚的环境态度及差异性, 主要结论如下。首先, 受访者样本总体环境态度分为三类: 近人类中心主义、近生态中心主义和立场中立者, 样本总体的环境态度归属近生态中心主义。其次, 不同环境态度群组的人口社会学特征具有差异性。人口社会学特征中, 性别和学历在环境态度存在显著性差异(p≤0.05)。不同年龄、收入和家庭状况对环境态度无显著性差异(p≤0.05)。最后, 旅游行为中旅游经历、信息来源途径对环境态度具有显著差异, 旅行同伴、消费额和停留时间对环境态度无显著性差异; 重游意愿对风险感知具有显著性差异, 满意度无显著性差异。研究结果有助于理解野生动物旅游者特征和理解人与野生动物接触的复杂过程, 对野生动物旅游目的地管理具有重要意义。     

Effect of exogenous iron on the viability of pathogenicNaegleria fowleri in serum

Summary WhenNaegleria fowleri (Lee) was incubated in newborn calf and human serum an amebicidal effect was observed. Heat inactivation of both sera resulted in the recovery of viable amebae after incubation in these sera. Exogenous iron added to non-heat inactivated calf serum improved viability slightly but was without effect when added to human serum not heat inactivated. Exogenous iron greatly enhanced growth and/or viability in heat inactivated calf serum. Viability of amebae also was considerably enhanced in human serum which was heat inactivated when pH was lowered in conjunction with iron supplements.Appreciation is expressed to Dr Ronald R. Weik (Dept. Biochemistry, Louisiana State Univ., New Orleans, LA. 70119) and Dr David T. John (Dept. Microbiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA. 23298) for providing theNaegleria fowleri (Lee) used in this investigation.     

Trichinella spiralis: Acceleration and inhibition of cyst calcification in rats

Summary Daily administration of vitamin D₃ (75,000 IU/kg b.wt) for 7 days acceleratedTrichinella spiralis cyst calcification in rats with a 14-week-old infection. When disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered (50 mg/kg b.wt) from 2 days before until 2 days after vitamin D₃ treatment, cyst calcification was inhibited. Thus, the ability to inhibitT. spiralis calcification has been demonstrated for the first time.Supported in part by EKU faculty research grant No. 03-05.Much appreciation goes to Dr Gordon S. Hassings and the Proctor and Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio USA for providing the EHDP used in this study.