Comparison of changes of typical river segment ecosystem service value in LRGR

Land use changes of river segment ecosystems from the Lancang River and Yuanjiang River were studied from 1985 to 2000 in order to compare their changes of service values and analyze the driving mechanisms based on eco-economic and GIS methods. Results showed that forest areas in both the river segment ecosystems were reduced. The reduced forest in the Lancang River (LR) segment ecosystem was mostly transformed into glebe with the conversion rate of 56.0%, while the reduced forest in the Yuanjiang River (YR) segment ecosystem was mostly transformed into residence land with the conversion rate of 42.5%. Both change amount and change rate of areas of each land use type in the LR segment ecosystem were much larger than those in the YR segment ecosystem. The total service value of the LR segment ecosystem was decreased with the change rate of 15.3%, while that of YR segment ecosystem was increased with the change rate of 0.6%. Manwan Hydropower development was the major anthropogenic driving factor which led to the change of service value of the LR segment ecosystem with the contribution rate of 93%. Agricultural activities were the most important driving factors in the YR segment ecosystem with the contribution rate of 59%. The loss of value of Sediment transportation service resulting from Manwan Hydropower Project construction should take responsibility for the significant decrease of service value of waters, even for the whole LR segment ecosystem. The ecosystem service coefficients of forest and grassland in the study area were much higher than the average level in China, so were the ratios of indirect value to direct value of both the river segment ecosystems. Under the impacts of human activities, the capacity of river ecosystem for providing products was enhanced, while it was weakened to maintain natural ecosystem health.

     

Effects of road networks on ecosystem service value in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

Based on the land use (LU) (in 1985 and 2000) and road networks (RN) data in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR), ecosystem services value (ESV) loss under the disturbance of road networks was estimated by using landscape degradation index (LDI) to clarify the effects of human activities on ecosystem service function (ESF). Results show that the ESV decreased more than 65×10⁸ Yuan (RMB) due to the transformation of ecosystems in the study area during the past 16 years. The ecosystems influenced by road networks of different grades account for 5.4% of the total land in the study area. The ecosystems lost their ESV of 1900×10⁸ Yuan (RMB) by the disturbance of RN. The effect of RN on the ESV decreased exponentially. The forecast shows that ESV will be decreased 1.2%/a on average in 2010 and 2020 due to RN projects. The effect of ecosystem structure change on ESV was complex and nonlinear. The disturbance of RN, one of the human activities influencing ESF is considered, further study and new method should be developed to accurately estimate the loss of ESV and the ecosystem function.

     

光敏色素影响赤霉素调控的水稻幼苗光形态建成特征

赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)是一种重要的植物激素, 它与光敏色素协同调节拟南芥植株的光形态建成特征. 但是GA对水稻幼苗光形态建成和暗形态建成的影响, 特别是在此过程中光敏色素与GA之间的相互作用仍不清楚. 本研究利用野生型和光敏色素突变体(phyA和phyB)水稻作为研究材料, 分析了GA生物合成抑制剂多效唑(PAC)对黑暗和光照下生长的水稻幼苗胚芽鞘、地上部分和主根延伸以及光调控基因LHCB表达的影响. 据此推测, 在暗生长条件下, PAC处理能够抑制野生型水稻幼苗胚芽鞘的生长, 诱导LHCB基因的表达; phyA突变体对PAC处理的反应不如野生型敏感; phyB突变体和野生型反应基本相同. 在光照条件下, PAC处理能够抑制水稻幼苗地上部分的生长, phyB突变体对PAC处理的反应不如野生型和phyA突变体敏感. 此外, phyB介导的光信号负调控PAC诱导的主根延伸反应. 据此推测, GA是维持水稻幼苗暗形态建成、抑制光形态建成所必需的; 另一方面, phyA和phyB或正或负调控PAC所诱导的光形态建成反应. 本研究结果揭示了光敏色素和GA在水稻幼苗生长发育中的相互作用, 为进一步研究光和GA协同调控水稻发育的分子机制奠定了基础.     

Preparation of FePt magnetic nanodot arrays by nanosphere lithography

Magnetic FePt nanodot arrays are promising candidates for making quantum magnetic recording disk. Here we introduce a hybrid method of FePt nanodot array fabrication through nanosphere lithography. This method combines the advantages of both top-down and bottom-up approaches and does not re- quire expensive equipment nor complicated processing steps.The size of magnetic FePt nanodots prepared can be as small as 40 nm.     

A new way to generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration

An airgun experiment was conducted in a reservoir,with the total volume of the airgun array being 6000 cubic inch. The energy released by one excitation was estimated to be 6.68×106 J,which corresponded to a 3.4 kg TNT explosion. A 180 km long profile composed of 100 portable short period seismometers was deployed as a receiver system of the airgun signals. Two remarkable results can be drawn from the experiment: (1) the airgun explosion is harmless to the dam and the fish,and this kind of airguns can be regarded as a green and environmental protection seismic source on land; (2) seismic wave gener-ated by this airgun source can be recorded by permanent stations with offset larger than 200 km. And the wave amplitudes recorded by nearby and remote stations are equivalent to the wave generated by 800 kg dynamite explosion. The airguns can be used as a light to illuminate the continental crustal structure of an area of about 100000 km2.     

低温合成TiO2/Fe3O4磁载光催化剂的光催化性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成的磁性纳米Fe₃O₄为磁核,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法,在较低温度下合成了TiO₂/Fe₃O₄磁性光催化剂。利用XRD、TEM、SEM-EDX等分析方法对合成催化剂的相组成、形貌、粒度、元素分布等进行了表征;研究了不同焙烧温度及TiO₂/Fe₃O₄比例对降解罗丹明B光催化活性及磁分离回收性能的影响。结果表明,在100、300和450 ℃焙烧温度下磁性光催化剂的催化活性依次降低,较低温度(100 ℃)制备的催化剂具备较高的催化活性;当TiO₂质量分数处于67.3%～73.0%时,催化剂既具有较高的光催化降解活性也具有较好的磁分离回收性能;光催化剂TiO₂/Fe₃O₄（100 ℃,TiO₂质量分数70%）在循环使用5次后,在降解75 min时仍能达到对罗丹明B 99%的脱色率和90%的回收率。     

Cavitation flow simulation for a centrifugal pump at a low flow rate

A computational model on the basis of the combination of the full cavitation model and the modified re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model are used to simulate the cavitating flow in a centrifugal pump at a low flow rate. A filter function is introduced for the RNG k-ε turbulence model in order to consider the compressibility in the cavitating flow. The calculated values of the net positive suction head available (H NPSHa ) agree well with the experimental measurements. The cavities in the impeller are obtained and their evolvement with H NPSHa are revealed.     

Effects of highway construction on soil quality in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region in Yunnan Province

The impact of highway construction upon surrounding ecosystems in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of Southwestern China was detected based on field survey and experimental analysis. We conducted a study on Dali (from Dali City to Lijiang City) provincial road, Dabao (from Dali City to Baoshan City) highway and Baolong (from Baoshan City to Longling County) highway in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region to detect the effect of highway construction on surrounding soil quality using the method of space-for-time substitution, and predicted remediation of surrounding soil quality. The results showed that: (1) The effect of highway construction on both natural and cultivated soil quality is significant, and the effect is more significant in the period of highway construction than the period of highway in use. (2) The effects of highway construction is more apparent on downslope than upslope, and effect range was 200 m on downslope, while 150 m on upslope. (3) Soil remediation is mainly related to effect extent of highway construction, highway service time, vegetation restoration, soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen, among which, highway construction is the most important factor. (4) When vegetation coverage can be restored to 30% of the original condition, soil quality can be remedied to 44% of the original condition after 10 years, indicating that soil fertility remediation is rather difficult once it is destroyed.