利用GOMOS 卫星资料研究热带平流层臭氧、二氧化氮和三氧化氮的准两年和半年振荡特征

利用2002~2008 年的GOMOS(Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars)卫星观测资料, 研究了热带平流层臭氧、二氧化氮和三氧化氮的准两年振荡(QBO)和半年振荡(SAO)特征. 对赤道上空臭氧和剩余环流垂直速度的年际异常的诊断分析表明: 动力输送是赤道平流层臭氧呈QBO 分布的主要控制因素; 在垂直输送作用下, 平流层中层臭氧的QBO 信号会随着剩余速度的异常向下传播. 而在赤道外的平流层低层, 动力输送在一些年中对臭氧形成QBO 分布作用显著; 在赤道外的平流层中层, 动力输送只影响南半球的臭氧分布. 此外, 文中分析了热带平流层中二氧化氮的分布, 它在赤道平流层中、高层表现出深厚且准静止的QBO 特征, 与同高度上垂直剩余速度的分布有关; 在赤道外平流层中层, 二氧化氮在南北半球呈现不同的分布特征. 受赤道纬向风SAO 的影响, 三氧化氮的年际异常在赤道平流层上层表现出显著的SAO 分布特征, 在纬向风SAO 的不同阶段, 动力输送对三氧化氮的分布产生相反的作用结果.     

非线性方程的ODE解法

分析了应用解常微分方程的Euler预估－校正系统的迭代方法求解非线性方程，且在迭代过程中不同改变步工，不用计算导数，便可得到较好的结果，最后以数值试验进行了验证。     

方程求根的一个四阶迭代算法

在微分中值定理的渐近性的结论的基础上,对非线性方程和超越方程f(x)=0的牛顿迭代法作了重要修改,构造了新的"牛顿类"迭代方法,给出的这个新的迭代算法,它具有四阶的收敛速度,数值试验表明,该算法与牛顿迭代法相比,具有更快的收敛速度,是非常有效的.     

太原市初中学校室内外环境与儿童不良建筑综合征的相关性

为了解初中学校儿童不良建筑综合征(sick building syndrome,SBS)、哮喘等疾病的发病率以及室内外环境污染水平和疾病的相关性,在山西省太原市城区初中学校开展了一项横断面研究.本研究采取整群抽样的方法,随机选取10所学校,问卷调查共发放2209份,其中有效问卷1993份(应答率为90.2%).参与调查的学生平均年龄为13岁(年龄范围11~15岁),其中女孩占49.3%.问卷内容包括SBS症状、哮喘及其他相关疾病的患病情况,SO2,NO2和O3环境影响因素的测量通过被动吸附采样,以及多因素Logistic回归分析疾病与环境因素的相关性.结果显示,儿童鼻黏膜炎(17.6%)、鼻塞(16.4%)、喉咙干燥(14.9%)、疲乏(20.7%)等症状患病率较高.室内NO2与鼻黏膜炎、喉咙干燥、头疼、恶心、湿疹症状呈现正相关(比对比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)分别为1.16,1.01~1.33;1.16,1.00~1.34;1.24,1.02~1.52;1.30,1.04~1.63;1.86,1.19~2.90).室内O3仅与医生诊断哮喘呈现正相关(1.36,1.02~1.80).室内SO2几乎与所有儿童SBS的症状呈现显著性相关.此外,室内与室外浓度的比值也与部分SBS症状正相关.本研究表明儿童不良建筑综合征与教室室内外环境相关.     

微分方程的小波解

构造了尺度因子为3的正交尺度函数，应用它求解微分方程，实验结果表明此方法有效。     

人体中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)研究进展

作为两大类新型持久性有机污染物(emerging chemicals), 多溴联苯醚(poly- brominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)和全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS)所造成的污染已经成为全球性的环境问题. 对其污染问题的研究是当前环境科学的热点之一. 本文对目前人体中PBDEs和PFOS研究的现状、进展以及存在的问题进行了总结, 为我国开展这两类环境污染物的研究提供参考.     

Mechanism of variations in environmental magnetic proxies of lake sediments from Nam Co, Tibet during the Holocene

High-resolution environmental records from the Tibetan Plateau are essential to understand past global climatic and environmental changes. Magnetic minerals in lake sediments are important proxies to reconstruct environmental and climatic changes. Nam Co (lake) is a typical great lake in the transitional region of southwest monsoon in the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have extensively focused on geochemistry, microfossils, sedimentology and biochemistry analysis of Nam Co, which provides sound interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes. However, up to now, no systematic environmental magnetic studies have been carried out. Therefore, high-resolution and systematic magnetic studies combined with geochemical parameters were carried on lake sediments of core NC 08/01 from Nam Co for the Holocene period (11.3 cal ka BP) in order to explore how magnetic properties of the sediments respond to climatic changes. Based on variations of magnetic proxies, the sequence can be separated into 3 units. Unit 1 (236-199 cm, 11.3-7.8 cal ka BP) contains dominantly coarse-grained magnetite with homogeneous grain size. A positive correlation between magnetite and Ti strongly suggests that these coarse-grained detrital magnetites reflect detrital input signals due to insignificant effects of postdepositional dissolution processes on these coarse-grained magnetite particles. For Unit 2 (198-102 cm, 7.8-2.1 cal ka BP), magnetic grain size is finer and the corresponding concentration of magnetite is also reduced. This is mainly due to significant dissolution of these fine-grained detrital magnetite particles, which were transported under reduced water flow conditions during this period. For Unit 3 (101-0 cm, 2.1-0 cal ka BP), the bulk magnetic properties are dominated by a mixture of single domain biogenic magnetite and detrital magnetite. The concentration of magnetic minerals is not correlated with the Ti content. In conclusion, the preservation of magnetic minerals in the lake sediment and thus the corresponding magnetic properties are related to the initial grain size. Combination of magnetic properties (including variation of grain size and concentration) and other proxies of detrital inputs (e.g. Ti) can be used to infer the variation of redox conditions in Nam Co. These results provide a viable framework for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes of this lake.     

解常微分方程的稳定的显式单步法

应用函数P(x)=1A+Bx+C来近似初值问题dydx=f(x,y),y(x0)=y烅烄烆0的解,应用积分,得到了一个0烆0求解微分方程的一个新方法,它是求解常微分方程的一个显式方法,是一个单步法,最重要的是它dydx=λy,y(0)=y0,(λ<0)是稳定的,数值试验表明该方法简单有效。     

Ten cities cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children asthma and other allergies in China

Asthma,rhinitis and eczema(allergic or non-allergic)have increased throughout the world during the last decades,especially among children.Changes in the indoor environment are suspected to be important causes.China has experienced a dramatic change in indoor environmental exposures during the past two decades.However,such changes and their associations with children’s asthma and other health aspects have not been thoroughly studied.China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),Phase I,was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 48219 children 1–8 years old in 10 Chinese cities during 2010–2012.The questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)core health questions and additional questions regarding housing,life habits and outdoor environment.In health analyses,children aged 3–6 years old were included.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma varied from 1.7%to 9.8%(mean 6.8%),a large increase from 0.91%in 1999 and 1.50%in2000.The prevalence of wheeze,rhinitis and atopic eczema(last 12 months)varied from 13.9%to 23.7%,24.0%to 50.8%and4.8%to 15.8%,respectively.Taiyuan had the lowest prevalences of all illnesses and Shanghai the highest,except for wheezewhere the highest value was for Urumqi.We found(1)no obvious association between disease prevalences and ambient PM10concentrations and(2)higher prevalences of disease in humid climates with hot summers and cold winters,but with no centrally heated buildings.Associations between the diseases and economic status as indexed by Gross Domestic Product(GDP)requires further study.     

基于广义小波高斯积分的小波积分法及误差估计

应用具有2次代数精度的带Daubechies小波尺度函数的广义高斯积分公式，通过双尺度方程，得到具有高精度的积分公式，在此基础上，应用外推技术得到具有更高精度的积分值。