Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including conifer- ous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quad- rats (actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter) in about 1.18 million km2. Each L- quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats (actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat). The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegeta- tion in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which de- scribes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.     

黄河下游湿地芦苇种群克隆结构的等位酶分析

以等位酶为标记，采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳技术，对黄河下游湿地15个芦苇(Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud)群的克隆结构进行了初步研究．8个酶系统17个等位酶位点的检测表明，芦苇种群克隆多样性很高，基因型比率PD=0．53(0．10—0．85)，不同克隆在规模上相差很大．克隆结构分析表明，芦苇种群内克隆之间的镶嵌明显．     

废弃采石场自然恢复过程中土壤和植被特征

用空间代替时间的生态学研究方法,对北京市门头沟区妙峰山镇自然恢复1、5、15、32年等4个不同演替阶段的废弃采石场和一个未受采石影响且自然恢复大于50年的对照样地的土壤理化性质、植物群落物种组成、群落特征及其与土壤性状之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明,在自然恢复初期,土壤肥力极低,严重缺乏氮素和有机质;植物物种组成简单,主要为牛筋草(Eleusine indica)和画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa).随着生态恢复的进行,土壤有机质不断积累,土壤养分呈增多趋势,土壤粒径、土壤容重逐渐减小,土壤物理化学性状逐渐得到改善.自然恢复过程中,群落优势物种演替缓慢,在自然恢复5、15年的样地中,优势物种都是虎尾草(Chloris virgata)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis),直到32年时,优势物种才被灌木荆条(Vitex negundo var.heterophylla)、荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和多年生中华隐子草(Cleistogenes chinensis)所代替,这与自然恢复大于50年对照样地中的优势物种情况基本一致.Jaccard系数表明,恢复32年的样地与对照样地相比已达到中等相似水平.自然恢复过程中,植被总盖度和地上生物量总体呈增大趋势,物种多样性、物种丰富度先逐渐增加,到32年后才保持相对稳定.在生态恢复过程中,土壤理化性状的变化与群落结构动态相对应.本研究表明,自然生态恢复的过程是土壤-植被系统协同演化的过程,北京西山废弃采石场可以依靠自然力恢复到对照样地状态,但过程较为缓慢,要加快生态恢复的进程,需适当予以人工辅助.     

黄河下游湿地芦苇种群克隆结构的等位酶分析

以等位酶为标记，采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳技术，对黄河下游湿地15个芦苇(Phragmites australis(Cav．)Trin．ex Steud)种群的克隆结构进行了初步研究、8个酶系统17个等位酶位点的检测表明，芦苇种群克隆多样性很高，基因型比率PD=0．53(0．10～0．85)，不同克隆在规模上相差很大．克隆结构分析表明，芦苇种群内克隆之间的镶嵌明显．     

Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation in China

The spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics of 74 vegetation types and the lack of vegetation type within the 9.6 million km2 of Chinese territory were studied using data from the China vege- tation map. The analysis used 877 large quadrats 10 mm×10 mm (actual size 100 km×100 km), which cov- ered about 8.77 million km2. Each large-quadrat was divided into four small 5 mm×5 mm quadrats (actual size 50 km×50 km). The frequency of occurrence of all vegetation types was recorded in each small quadrat. The survey using the Shiyomi method of vegetation analysis based on the beta-binomial distribution was adopted to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average heterogeneity of all the vegetation types in the landscape provides a measure of the landscape level heterogeneity which describes the spatial intricacy of the existing vegetation composition. The maximum spatial vegetation heterogeneity was 0.8620 in the frigid-temperate coniferous forest of Larix (V1), which dominates cold moist northeast China. The minimum spatial heterogeneity with a low occurrence was the Caragana tibetica in the gravel desert in the western Yellow River Hetao area. The minimum occur- rence with a low spatial heterogeneity was the Monsoon rainforest on rock in Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces. The vegetation types on the Qing-Zang Plateau were found to be representative of Chinese vegeta- tion because of the very high occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of these vegetation types. The weighted average of the heterogeneity was 0.677, while the vegetation diversity index was 3.29.