String theory,Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical

String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.     

我国巨型机发展概述

系统地总结和介绍了我国高性能计算机，包括“银河”系列巨型机、“曙光”系列巨型机、“神威”系列巨型机、“深腾”系列巨型机以及“深超”系列巨型机的开发研制以及应用情况。     

The influence of chronic nicotine treatment on stress-induced gastric ulceration and emptying rate in rats.

Ten-day treatment with nicotine (5, 25 or 50 micrograms/ml drinking water) dose-dependently intensified gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint, and emptying rate. Stomach contractions produced by graded doses of bethanechol i.v. were elevated further by nicotine treatment. It is suggested that chronic nicotine administration produces hypersensitivity of the gastric muscarinic receptors; stomach hypermotility contributes to the ulcer-worsening action of the alkaloid.     

森林生物技术走出实验室举步艰难

新的、高密度树木种植正在给林业生物技术带来迅速的变化。但是如果不能克服生态风险和经济障碍．这些新的方法或许永远也无法使用——     

Sul meccanismo di azione della streptomicina

Summary A study was undertaken on the variations of the redox potential level produced by streptomycinin vitro andin vivo. We have been able to show that, owing to an oxidative effect, streptomycin produces an increase of the redox potential level. This oxidative effect varies in degree according to the condition of the patient.We also found that in the blood and in the spinal fluid of patients suffering from tubercular meningitis factors are present which inhibit the action of streptomycin.The results of our findings lead to the conclusion that the dose of streptomycin must be varied according to the condition of the patient if the constant level required for an efficient therapy is to be maintained in the blood and in the spinal fluid.     

Kondensationsprodukte von Oxyketonen und Aminoketonen mit 2,4,5-Triamino-6-oxy-pyrimidin

Summary By condensing 2:4:5-triamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine with dihydroxyacetone (diacetate), diaminoacetone or acetone-1,3-di (p-formylaminobenzoic acid) not the expected 8- or 9-oxymethyl resp. -aminomethyl-pteridines but 8-or 9-methyl-pteridines were obtained. With p-tolyl-d-isoglucosamine not a tetrahydroxybutyl-pteridine but a trihydroxybutyl-pteridine was formed. For an explanation of these results it is supposed that from the dihydro-pteridines formed at first by intramolecular splitting off of H₂O or R·NH₂ aromatization takes place.