有机制备实验微型化研究

简要叙述了几个基本的有机制备实验的微型实验设计和方法，并与常规实验加以比较，讨论了微型实验在有机制备实验中的优越性和可行性．     

L—模糊拓扑空间的弱分离公理

在Ｌ－模糊拓扑空间中引入一组新的分离公理．即弱Ｔｉ（ｉ＝０．１．２,３,４）分离公理,给出了它们的特征刻划,研究了它们的一系列性质,证明了它们是一般拓扑学中分离性概念在Ｌｏｗｅｎ意义下的“好的推广”。     

Macrophage-specific PPARgamma controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance

Obesity and insulin resistance, the cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, are closely associated with a state of low-grade inflammation. In adipose tissue chronic overnutrition leads to macrophage infiltration, resulting in local inflammation that potentiates insulin resistance. For instance, transgenic expression of Mcp1 (also known as chemokine ligand 2, Ccl2) in adipose tissue increases macrophage infiltration, inflammation and insulin resistance. Conversely, disruption of Mcp1 or its receptor Ccr2 impairs migration of macrophages into adipose tissue, thereby lowering adipose tissue inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity. These findings together suggest a correlation between macrophage content in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. However, resident macrophages in tissues display tremendous heterogeneity in their activities and functions, primarily reflecting their local metabolic and immune microenvironment. While Mcp1 directs recruitment of pro-inflammatory classically activated macrophages to sites of tissue damage, resident macrophages, such as those present in the adipose tissue of lean mice, display the alternatively activated phenotype. Despite their higher capacity to repair tissue, the precise role of alternatively activated macrophages in obesity-induced insulin resistance remains unknown. Using mice with macrophage-specific deletion of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), we show here that PPARgamma is required for maturation of alternatively activated macrophages. Disruption of PPARgamma in myeloid cells impairs alternative macrophage activation, and predisposes these animals to development of diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Furthermore, gene expression profiling revealed that downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation gene expression in skeletal muscle and liver leads to decreased insulin sensitivity in these tissues. Together, our findings suggest that resident alternatively activated macrophages have a beneficial role in regulating nutrient homeostasis and suggest that macrophage polarization towards the alternative state might be a useful strategy for treating type 2 diabetes.     

矿山井巷工程造价模糊测算模型

传统的工程造价计算方法复杂且速度慢．不能满足工程项目可行性研究及投标报价的需要。本文应用模糊数学方法．采用模糊用类分析理论，建立了基于大量已完工程为基础的造价估算数学模型．通过实例分析证明．该模型计算简单．结果可靠，满足实际投标报价的工作需要。