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Szade Agata Szade Krzysztof Mahdi Mahdi Józkowicz Alicja 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2021,78(10):4639-4651
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences - Hematopoietic system transports all necessary nutrients to the whole organism and provides the immunological protection. Blood cells have high turnover,... 相似文献
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a posteriori blockmodeling for graphs is proposed. The model assumes that the vertices of the graph are partitioned into two unknown blocks
and that the probability of an edge between two vertices depends only on the blocks to which they belong. Statistical procedures
are derived for estimating the probabilities of edges and for predicting the block structure from observations of the edge
pattern only. ML estimators can be computed using the EM algorithm, but this strategy is practical only for small graphs.
A Bayesian estimator, based on the Gibbs sampling, is proposed. This estimator is practical also for large graphs. When ML
estimators are used, the block structure can be predicted based on predictive likelihood. When Gibbs sampling is used, the
block structure can be predicted from posterior predictive probabilities. A side result is that when the number of vertices
tends to infinity while the probabilities remain constant, the block structure can be recovered correctly with probability
tending to 1. 相似文献
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Shoot control of root development and nodulation is mediated by a receptor-like kinase 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
Krusell L Madsen LH Sato S Aubert G Genua A Szczyglowski K Duc G Kaneko T Tabata S de Bruijn F Pajuelo E Sandal N Stougaard J 《Nature》2002,420(6914):422-426
In legumes, root nodule organogenesis is activated in response to morphogenic lipochitin oligosaccharides that are synthesized by bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia. Successful symbiotic interaction results in the formation of highly specialized organs called root nodules, which provide a unique environment for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In wild-type plants the number of nodules is regulated by a signalling mechanism integrating environmental and developmental cues to arrest most rhizobial infections within the susceptible zone of the root. Furthermore, a feedback mechanism controls the temporal and spatial susceptibility to infection of the root system. This mechanism is referred to as autoregulation of nodulation, as earlier nodulation events inhibit nodulation of younger root tissues. Lotus japonicus plants homozygous for a mutation in the hypernodulation aberrant root (har1) locus escape this regulation and form an excessive number of nodules. Here we report the molecular cloning and expression analysis of the HAR1 gene and the pea orthologue, Pisum sativum, SYM29. HAR1 encodes a putative serine/threonine receptor kinase, which is required for shoot-controlled regulation of root growth, nodule number, and for nitrate sensitivity of symbiotic development. 相似文献
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Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik Paweł Uruski Andrzej Tykarski Krzysztof Książek 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(3):509-525
Various types of tumors, particularly those originating from the ovary and gastrointestinal tract, display a strong predilection for the peritoneal cavity as the site of metastasis. The intraperitoneal spread of a malignancy is orchestrated by a reciprocal interplay between invading cancer cells and resident normal peritoneal cells. In this review, we address the current state-of-art regarding colonization of the peritoneal cavity by ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric tumors. Particular attention is paid to the pro-tumoral role of various kinds of peritoneal cells, including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, the vascular endothelium, and hospicells. Anatomo-histological considerations on the pro-metastatic environment of the peritoneal cavity are presented in the broader context of organ-specific development of distal metastases in accordance with Paget’s “seed and soil” theory of tumorigenesis. The activity of normal peritoneal cells during pivotal elements of cancer progression, i.e., adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, EMT, and angiogenesis, is discussed from the perspective of well-defined general knowledge on a hospitable tumor microenvironment created by the cellular elements of reactive stroma, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages. Finally, the paper addresses the unique features of the peritoneal cavity that predispose this body compartment to be a niche for cancer metastases, presents issues that are topics of an ongoing debate, and points to areas that still require further in-depth investigations. 相似文献
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This work reports on a high-voltage, hybrid capacitor involving two separate redox reactions. Aqueous solutions of Mg(NO3)2 and KI have been used for negative and positive electrode, respectively. Adjusting pH=2 for electrode (+) with KI solution and modifying Mg(NO3)2 solution to pH=9 for negative side play a crucial role for a stable long-term operation of capacitor at enhanced voltage. A benefit from such a construction is a pseudocapacitive contribution from hydrogen sorption reaction on the negative electrode and high iodine/iodide activity on the positive electrode, enhancing the energy with no remarkable impact on the power profile. Proposed solution allows a high voltage (1.8 V) to be reached and thereby high power and energy performance (~20 W h/kg at 1 kW/kg) to be obtained. High long-term stability has been confirmed by floating and galvanostatic tests. 相似文献
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Sheiko SS Sun FC Randall A Shirvanyants D Rubinstein M Lee HI Matyjaszewski K 《Nature》2006,440(7081):191-194
Covalent carbon-carbon bonds are hard to break. Their strength is evident in the hardness of diamonds and tensile strength of polymeric fibres; on the single-molecule level, it manifests itself in the need for forces of several nanonewtons to extend and mechanically rupture one bond. Such forces have been generated using extensional flow, ultrasonic irradiation, receding meniscus and by directly stretching a single molecule with nanoprobes. Here we show that simple adsorption of brush-like macromolecules with long side chains on a substrate can induce not only conformational deformations, but also spontaneous rupture of covalent bonds in the macromolecular backbone. We attribute this behaviour to the fact that the attractive interaction between the side chains and the substrate is maximized by the spreading of the side chains, which in turn induces tension along the polymer backbone. Provided the side-chain densities and substrate interaction are sufficiently high, the tension generated will be strong enough to rupture covalent carbon-carbon bonds. We expect similar adsorption-induced backbone scission to occur for all macromolecules with highly branched architectures, such as brushes and dendrimers. This behaviour needs to be considered when designing surface-targeted macromolecules of this type-either to avoid undesired degradation, or to ensure rupture at predetermined macromolecular sites. 相似文献
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1 Results Several methods have been elaborated in this laboratory allowing preparation of macromolecules with phosphodiester bonds,and having sequence of atoms similar as in the chains of biomacromolecules - nucleic or teichoic acids (TA),namely:-(C)n-O-PO-,where n=2 (for teichoic acids) or 3.These methods,to be discussed in the lecture,are based on the ring-opening polymerization,transesterification,and recently elaborated direct addition of phosphoric acid to diepoxides.For the first time an attempt h... 相似文献
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Krzysztof R. Apt 《国外科技新书评介》2005,(6):10-10
约束规划的内涵很广,应用也很广泛,在经济、管理、电子工程、分子生物学等许多学科和领域都有着重要应用。本书对约束规划的理论体系做了较全面的阐述,并结合实例对一些重要算法思想、算法步骤进行了介绍。可以说这是一本在理论和实际方面都很有指导意义的书。 相似文献