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1.
String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics. 相似文献
2.
3.
巴春生 《曲靖师范学院学报》2002,21(5):91-93
在师范院校政教系政治经济学既是政治理论课又是专业基础课。搞好政治经济学的教学,不仅对于学生学习好后续课程具有重要的基础性意义,而且对于培养学生的理论兴趣、科学精神和科学方法、创新精神和实践能力也具有十分重要的作用。因此,作为政治经济学课教师必须不断改革,在教学内容、方法、手段上创新,大胆探索,勇于实践,才能使政治经济学的教学更加适应新世纪人才培养的需要。 相似文献
4.
J E Landegent N Jansen in de Wal G J van Ommen F Baas J J de Vijlder P van Duijn M Van der Ploeg 《Nature》1985,317(6033):175-177
During the past few years, several methods have been developed for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences by in situ hybridization using non-radioactive labels such as fluorochromes, cytochemically detectable enzymes and electron-dense markers. These methods are preferable to autoradiography in terms of speed of performance and topological resolution. Their limited sensitivity, however, has so far restricted their use to the detection of repeated sequences. Here we report single gene detection with a procedure using 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-modified probes, immunoperoxidase cytochemistry and reflection-contrast microscopy. We confirmed the autoradiographic data on the localization of the human thyroglobulin (Tg) gene to the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 8. A mixture of cosmid cHT2-derived subclones of the 3' part of the Tg gene, 22.3 kilobase pairs (kbp) in total, was used as a hybridization probe. This procedure can be used to map other unique sequences, if genomic clones are available from which clones with an appropriate amount of inserts can be isolated. 相似文献
5.
J. Y. Toullec M. Chikhi A. van Wormhoudt 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1992,48(3):272-277
In crustaceans, all the steps in the assimilation of food take place in the hepatopancreas. To facilitate the study of this organ, a method for the dissociation of cell types was developed. The hepatopancreas of the prawnPalaemon serratus was mechanically dissociated and the cells separated by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. The E and R cells had similar densities of around 1.05 g/ml. The F cells were separated into two distinct fractions with densities of 1.075 and 1.082 g/ml. The B cells sedimented at a density of 1.12 g/ml. The ratio between the two populations of F cells was found to vary during the intermolt cycle while B cells disappeared after the molt. When the density gradient fractions were incubated with3H-leucine, incorporation was highest in the F cell fractions. Measurements of -amylase activity, indicated that the two populations of F cells may be derived from the same cell type. 相似文献
6.
Ross P Weinhouse H Aloni Y Michaeli D Weinberger-Ohana P Mayer R Braun S de Vroom E van der Marel GA van Boom JH Benziman M 《Nature》1987,325(6101):279-281
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis. 相似文献
7.
Ph. van den Bosch de Aguilar Ch. Langhendries-Wéverberg J. Goemaere-Vanneste F. Flament-Durand J. P. Brion A. M. Couck 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1984,40(4):402-403
Summary Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) is a major problem in the human senescent population. As this pathology cannot be reproduced in animals, research into its development is greatly impeded. The technique of implantation of the nervous tissue has been utilized in order to establish an animal model and to test the possible existence of a transmissible agent. When human temporal cortex with Alzheimer's disease is implanted in the occipital cortex of 7-week-old rats, human cerebral tissue containing abundant tangles induces in the receiver cortex a reactive fibrous gliosis. In the processes of the astrocytes, twisted filaments are evident among bundles of normal filaments. These alterations could be induced by the metabolising of abnormal filament subunits or by some infectious agent introduced by the implant.This study is supported by grant No. 2.4517.82 of Fonds de la Recherche Fondamentale Collective of Belgium. 相似文献
8.
主要研究具有临界增长的双调和方程组,由约束变分的方法得到了方程组非平凡解的存在性,并且在一定条件下得到了此类方程式组的非平凡解的非存在性. 相似文献
9.
颗粒级配对水泥基材料有害孔隙率的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
水泥基材料的硬化浆体中含有大量的孔隙 ,其中的有害孔隙直接影响到耐久性 .依据所建立的微粒级配模型 ,采用粉煤灰、硅灰等球形颗粒掺合料及纳米纤维红粉 (NR)掺合料 ,设计球形颗粒紧密堆积体系与纳米纤维增强紧密堆积体系 ,讨论 2种混合体系内部的总孔隙率与有害孔隙率之间的关系 ,确定活性NR粉在水泥基材料中的作用 .研究表明 ,NR粉能够增加体系密实度 ,水泥混合体系硬化后期的总孔隙率与有害孔隙率之间服从对数关系 ,通过微粒级配模型可预知体系有害孔隙率及颗粒级配的合理性 . 相似文献
10.
利用双金属氰化物作为催化剂,催化CO2/环氧丙烷调节共聚制备聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇(PPC),详细考察了催化剂用量、相对分子质量调节剂及其用量、CO2用量等对聚合的影响.研究发现PPC的相对分子质量与相对分子质量调节剂的用量成线性关系,可以根据需要合成具有规定相对分子质量的PPC树脂.最后提出聚合过程中碳酸丙烯酯可能按照解拉链的方式生成. 相似文献