采用低温微波法和电加热法再生载甲苯活性炭

采用低温微波法(60、120、180 W)和电加热法对载甲苯松木活性炭进行再生。比较了这两种再生方法下活性炭的再生效率、升温速率、能耗,并分析了再生前后活性炭的物理化学性能。结果表明:经过5次吸附—微波辐射再生之后,活性炭吸附量基本保持原有吸附量的45%。随着微波功率从60 W 升高到120 W,再生时间从60 min降低到22 min,再生效率从1.7%/min增加到4.5%/min。而传统电加热再生法再生时间为180 min, 是微波法的3～6倍; 功率为60 W的微波加热法的升温速率为178 ℃/min,而电加热法升温速率只有9 ℃/min; 从能耗角度看,微波再生法的能耗为29.7 kJ/g,而电加热法的能耗则为74.3 kJ/g; 并且经检测微波法再生后活性炭的孔隙结构和官能团未发生改变。     

A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum

It has commonly been thought that snakes underwent progressive loss of their limbs by gradual diminution of their use. However, recent developmental and palaeontological discoveries suggest a more complex scenario of limb reduction, still poorly documented in the fossil record. Here we report a fossil snake with a sacrum supporting a pelvic girdle and robust, functional legs outside the ribcage. The new fossil, from the Upper Cretaceous period of Patagonia, fills an important gap in the evolutionary progression towards limblessness because other known fossil snakes with developed hindlimbs, the marine Haasiophis, Pachyrhachis and Eupodophis, lack a sacral region. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the new fossil is the most primitive (basal) snake known and that all other limbed fossil snakes are closer to the more advanced macrostomatan snakes, a group including boas, pythons and colubroids. The new fossil retains several features associated with a subterranean or surface dwelling life that are also present in primitive extant snake lineages, supporting the hypothesis of a terrestrial rather than marine origin of snakes.